The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
THE AXON HILLOCK AND THE INITIAL SEGMENT
Open accessAbstract
Axon hillocks and initial segments have been recognized and studied in electron micrographs of a wide variety of neurons. In all multipolar neurons the fine structure of the initial segment has the same pattern, whether or not the axon is ensheathed in myelin. The internal structure of the initial segment is characterized by three special features: (a) a dense layer of finely granular material undercoating the plasma membrane, (b) scattered clusters of ribosomes, and (c) fascicles of microtubules. A similar undercoating occurs beneath the plasma membrane of myelinated axons at nodes of Ranvier. The ribosomes are not organized into Nissl bodies and are too sparsely distributed to produce basophilia. They vanish at the end of the initial segment. Fascicles of microtubules occur only in the axon hillock and initial segment and nowhere else in the neuron. Therefore, they are the principal identifying mark. Some speculations are presented on the relation between these special structural features and the special function of the initial segment.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Characteristics of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses in the Central Nervous System of the Cat
UCHIZONO, K. (1965) · Nature · doi:10.1038/207642a0 · Cited by 917
Cited by
DeFelipe, J., & Fariñas, I. (1992) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(92)90015-7 · Cited by 975
Pan, Z., Kao, T., Horvath, Z., Lemos, J., Sul, J.-Y., Cranstoun, S. D., Bennett, V., Scherer, S. S., & Cooper, E. C. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4314-05.2006 · Cited by 585
A specific ‘axo-axonal’ interneuron in the visual cortex of the rat
Somogyi, P. (1977) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(77)90808-3 · Cited by 530
Signal processing in the axon initial segment
Kole, M. H. P., & Stuart, G. J. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.01.007 · Cited by 463
The axon initial segment and the maintenance of neuronal polarity
Rasband, M. N. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2852 · Cited by 442
Metadata
- Authors
- Palay, S. L., Sotelo, C., Peters, A., & Orkand, P. M.
- Venue
- The Journal of Cell Biology
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1968-07-01
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 193-201
- ISSN
- 0021-9525 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8140
- OpenAlex
- W1983765259
- Cited by
- 482
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 13.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: THE AXON HILLOCK AND THE INITIAL SEGMENT. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1083/jcb.38.1.193
- The paper
- Palay, S. L., Sotelo, C., Peters, A., & Orkand, P. M. (1968). THE AXON HILLOCK AND THE INITIAL SEGMENT. The Journal of Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.38.1.193
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
