The axon initial segment and the maintenance of neuronal polarity
Abstract
Ion channel clustering at the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier has been suggested to be a key evolutionary innovation that enabled the development of the complex vertebrate nervous system. This innovation epitomizes a signature feature of neurons, namely polarity. The mechanisms that establish neuronal polarity, channel clustering and axon-dendrite identity during development are becoming clearer. However, much less is known about how polarity is maintained throughout life. Here, I review the role of the AIS in the development and maintenance of neuronal polarity and discuss how disrupted polarity may be a common component of many diseases and injuries that affect the nervous system.
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The molecular organization of the AIS has many features in common with that of nodes of Ranvier, including ion channels, cell adhesion molecules, cytoskeletal scaffolds, and ECM molecules.
“The molecular organization of the AIS has many features in common with that of nodes of Ranvier, including ion channels, cell adhesion molecules, cytoskeletal scaffolds and ECM molecules (Rasband, 2010).”
From The hyaluronan and proteoglycan link proteins: Organizers of the brain extracellular matrix and key molecules for neuronal function and plasticity (2015) · cites this paper as Rasband, 2010
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- Authors
- Rasband, M. N.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rasband, Matthew N.
- ORCID
- Rasband, Matthew N.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-07-14
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 552-562
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2044098590
- Cited by
- 442
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 2.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 044916)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion channel regulation and function
- Keywords
- axon initial segment, neuronal polarity, nodes of Ranvier, ion channel clustering, axon development, neurological disorders, nervous system injury
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Axons, Humans, Nervous System Diseases, Neurons, Cell Polarity
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