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AN ANALYSIS OF THE SEQUENCES OF THE VARIABLE REGIONS OF BENCE JONES PROTEINS AND MYELOMA LIGHT CHAINS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTIBODY COMPLEMENTARITY
Open accessAbstract
In an attempt to account for antibody specificity and complementarity in terms of structure, human kappa-, human lambda-, and mouse kappa-Bence Jones proteins and light chains are considered as a single population and the variable and constant regions are compared using the sequence data available. Statistical criteria are used in evaluating each position in the sequence as to whether it is essentially invariant or group-specific, subgroup-specific, species-specific, etc. Examination of the invariant residues of the variable and constant regions confirms the existence of a large number of invariant glycines, no invariant valine, lysine, and histidine, and only one invariant leucine and alanine in the variable region, as compared with the absence of invariant glycines and presence of three each of invariant alanine, leucine, and valine and two each of invariant lysine and histidine in the constant region. The unique role of glycine in the variable region is emphasized. Hydrophobicity of the invariant residues of the two regions is also evaluated. A parameter termed variability is defined and plotted against the position for the 107 residues of the variable region. Three stretches of unusually high variability are noted at residues 24-34, 50-56, and 89-97; variations in length have been found in the first and third of these. It is hypothesized that positions 24-34 and 89-97 contain the complementarity-determining residues of the light chain-those which make contact with the antigenic determinant. The heavy chain also has been reported to have a similar region of very high variability which would also participate in forming the antibody-combining site. It is postulated that the information for site complementarity is contained in some extrachromosomal DNA such as an episome and is incorporated by insertion into the DNA of the structural genes for the variable region of short linear sequences of nucleotides. The advantages and disadvantages of this hypothesis are discussed.
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“Kabat and IMGT definitions are based on sequence alignments identifying conserved positions in the variable region [152, 153] whereas Chothia takes into account the 3D structure of the CDR loops.”
From Computational approaches to therapeutic antibody design: established methods and emerging trends (2020) · cites this paper as [152]
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“Since the seminal work to define a standard numbering scheme for antibodies was carried out by Kabat in 1970 [152], the Chothia [32] and IMGT [153] schemes have been adopted as the main alternatives.”
From Computational approaches to therapeutic antibody design: established methods and emerging trends (2020) · cites this paper as [152]
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2 of the 72 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wu, T. T., & Kabat, E. A.
- Affiliations
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1970-08-01
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 211-250
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC2138737
- OpenAlex
- W2127552260
- Cited by
- 1,340
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 65.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (GB-8341)
- National Cancer Institute (CA08748)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Keywords
- Bence Jones protein, immunoglobulin variable region, hypervariable region, invariant residues, glycine, hydrophobicity, sequence variation, kappa light chain, lambda light chain, episomes, antibody combining site, antigenic determinants
- MeSH terms
- Alanine, Amino Acid Sequence, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Antibodies, Antibody Specificity, Bence Jones Protein, Binding Sites, Genes, Glycine, Histidine, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, Leucine, Lysine, Models, Chemical, Multiple Myeloma, Rabbits, Species Specificity, Valine, Mice
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