The DOI matches its Crossref record.
T cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen.
Open accessAbstract
Immunological memory has generally been ascribed to the development of long-lived memory cells that can persist for years in the absence of renewed antigenic encounter. In the experiments reported here, we have adoptively transferred memory T cells in the presence and absence of priming antigen and assessed their functional survival. The results indicate that, in contrast to the traditional view, the maintenance of T cell memory requires the presence of antigen, suggesting that memory, like tolerance, is an antigen-dependent process rather than an antigen-independent state.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Tolerance, Danger, and the Extended Family
Matzinger, P. (1994) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.005015 · Cited by 4,820
Self-citationA conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD4+ T-helper and a T-killer cell
Ridge, J. P., Di Rosa, F., & Matzinger, P. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/30989 · Cited by 2,342
Self-citationHeterologous Protection Against Influenza by Injection of DNA Encoding a Viral Protein
Ulmer, J. B., Donnelly, J. J., Parker, S. E., Rhodes, G. H., Felgner, P. L., Dwarki, V. J., Gromkowski, S. H., Deck, R. R., DeWitt, C. M., Friedman, A., et al. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8456302 · Cited by 2,318
Immunological memory and protective immunity: understanding their relation
Ahmed, R., & Gray, D. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5258.54 · Cited by 1,775
Self-citationInduction of Bystander T Cell Proliferation by Viruses and Type I Interferon in Vivo
Tough, D. F., Borrow, P., & Sprent, J. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5270.1947 · Cited by 1,077
Metadata
- Authors
- Gray, D., & Matzinger, P.
- Venue
- The Journal of experimental medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1991-11-01
- Volume
- 174
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 969-974
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- OpenAlex
- W2043955812
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 11.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: T cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1084/jem.174.5.969
- The paper
- Gray, D., & Matzinger, P. (1991). T cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen. The Journal of experimental medicine. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.174.5.969
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
