Cited by 3,546Extracellular vesicles in diseaseCellular transport and secretionImmunotherapy and Immune Responses

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B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles.

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Raposo, G, Nijman, H W, Stoorvogel, W, Liejendekker, R, Harding, C V, Melief, C J, Geuze, H J·1996·The Journal of experimental medicine

DOI 10.1084/jem.183.3.1161PMC PMC2192324

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Abstract

Antigen-presenting cells contain a specialized late endocytic compartment, MIIC (major histocompatibility complex [MHC] class II-enriched compartment), that harbors newly synthesized MHC class II molecules in transit to the plasma membrane. MIICs have a limiting membrane enclosing characteristic internal membrane vesicles. Both the limiting membrane and the internal vesicles contain MHC class II. In this study on B lymphoblastoid cells, we demonstrate by immunoelectron microscopy that the limiting membrane of MIICs can fuse directly with the plasma membrane, resulting in release from the cells of internal MHC class II-containing vesicles. These secreted vesicles, named exosomes, were isolated from the cell culture media by differential centrifugation followed by flotation on sucrose density gradients. The overall surface protein composition of exosomes differed significantly from that of the plasma membrane. Exosome-bound MHC class II was in a compact, peptide-bound conformation. Metabolically labeled MHC class II was released into the extracellular medium with relatively slow kinetics, 10 +/- 4% in 24 h, indicating that direct fusion of MIICs with the plasma membrane is not the major pathway by which MHC class II reaches the plasma membrane. Exosomes derived from both human and murine B lymphocytes induced antigen-specific MHC class II-restricted T cell responses. These data suggest a role for exosomes in antigen presentation in vivo.

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Authors: Raposo, G., Nijman, H. W., Stoorvogel, W., Liejendekker, R., Harding, C. V., Melief, C. J., & Geuze, H. J.
Affiliations: Utrecht University (NL)
ORCID: Raposo, G
Nijman, H W
Stoorvogel, W
Melief, C J
Venue: The Journal of experimental medicine
Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
Published: 1996-03-01
Volume: 183
Issue: 3
Pages: 1161-1172
ISSN: 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
1540-9538
DOI: 10.1084/jem.183.3.1161
PMC: PMC2192324
OpenAlex: W2155366992
Cited by: 3,546
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 103 · 2025: 189 · 2024: 247 · 2023: 242 · 2022: 242 · 2021: 274 · 2020: 280 · 2019: 210 · 2018: 214 · 2017: 206 · 2016: 177 · 2015: 159 · 2014: 144 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 99
FWCI: 9.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Universiteit Utrecht
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI 35726, R01AI035726)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Keywords: exosomes, MHC class II, B cells, vesicle secretion, membrane fusion, antigen presentation, T cell response
MeSH terms: Animals, Antigen-Presenting Cells, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, B-Lymphocytes, Bacterial Proteins, Biotin, Cell Fractionation, Cell Line, Cell Line, Transformed, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasmic Granules, Endocytosis, Herpesvirus 4, Human, Exocytosis, HLA-DR Antigens, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation, Membrane Fusion, Protein Conformation, Chaperonins, Chaperonin 60, Mice

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B lymphocytes secrete antigen-presenting vesicles.

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