The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Statins Inhibit HIV-1 Infection by Down-regulating Rho Activity
Open accessAbstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infectivity requires actin-dependent clustering of host lipid raft–associated receptors, a process that might be linked to Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activation. Rho GTPase activity can be negatively regulated by statins, a family of drugs used to treat hypercholesterolemia in man. Statins mediate inhibition of Rho GTPases by impeding prenylation of small G proteins through blockade of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. We show that statins decreased viral load and increased CD4+ cell counts in acute infection models and in chronically HIV-1–infected patients. Viral entry and exit was reduced in statin-treated cells, and inhibition was blocked by the addition of l-mevalonate or of geranylgeranylpyrophosphate, but not by cholesterol. Cell treatment with a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor, but not a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, specifically inhibited entry of HIV-1–pseudotyped viruses. Statins blocked Rho-A activation induced by HIV-1 binding to target cells, and expression of the dominant negative mutant RhoN19 inhibited HIV-1 envelope fusion with target cell membranes, reducing cell infection rates. We suggest that statins have direct anti–HIV-1 effects by targeting Rho.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Etienne-Manneville, S., & Hall, A. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01148 · Cited by 4,201
Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulator.
Kwak, B., Mulhaupt, F., Myit, S., & Mach, F. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/82219 · Cited by 1,383
Nguyen, D. H., & Hildreth, J. E. K. (2000) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.74.7.3264-3272.2000 · Cited by 788
Plasma membrane rafts play a critical role in HIV-1 assembly and release
Ono, A., & Freed, E. O. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.241320298 · Cited by 706
Mañes, S., del Real, G., & Martínez-A, C. (2003) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1129 · Cited by 477
Self-citationMembrane raft microdomains mediate lateral assemblies required for HIV‐1 infection
Mañes, S., del Real, G., Lacalle, R. A., Lucas, P., Gómez‐Moutón, C., Sánchez‐Palomino, S., Delgado, R., Alcamí, J., Mira, E., & Martínez‐A, C. (2000) · EMBO reports · doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd025 · Cited by 362
Self-citationPopik, W., Alce, T. M., & Au, W.-C. (2002) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.76.10.4709-4722.2002 · Cited by 325
Inhibition of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Synthesis by Statins
Romano, M., Diomede, L., Sironi, M., Massimiliano, L., Sottocorno, M., Polentarutti, N., Guglielmotti, A., Albani, D., Bruno, A., Fruscella, P., et al. (2000) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/labinvest.3780115 · Cited by 298
The Nef protein of HIV-1 associates with rafts and primes T cells for activation
Wang, J.-K., Kiyokawa, E., Verdin, E., & Trono, D. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.1.394 · Cited by 276
Lindwasser, O. W., & Resh, M. D. (2001) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.75.17.7913-7924.2001 · Cited by 244
Cited by
Blanc, M., Hsieh, W. Y., Robertson, K. A., Kropp, K. A., Forster, T., Shui, G., Lacaze, P., Watterson, S., Griffiths, S. J., Spann, N. J., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.11.004 · Cited by 411
Cholesterol biosynthesis modulation regulates dengue viral replication
Rothwell, C., LeBreton, A., Young Ng, C., Lim, J. Y. H., Liu, W., Vasudevan, S., Labow, M., Gu, F., & Gaither, L. A. (2009) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.03.025 · Cited by 269
Mechanisms of Statin-mediated Inhibition of Small G-protein Function
Cordle, A., Koenigsknecht-Talboo, J., Wilkinson, B., Limpert, A., & Landreth, G. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m505268200 · Cited by 235
Statins induce regulatory T cell recruitment via a CCL1 dependent pathway.
Mira, E., León, B., Barber, D. F., Jiménez-Baranda, S., Goya, I., Almonacid, L., Márquez, G., Zaballos, A., Martínez-A., C., Stein, J. V., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.5.3524 · Cited by 88
Self-citationPollock, S., Nichita, N. B., Böhmer, A., Radulescu, C., Dwek, R. A., & Zitzmann, N. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1009445107 · Cited by 76
Metadata
- Authors
- del Real, G., Jiménez-Baranda, S., Mira, E., Lacalle, R. A., Lucas, P., Gómez-Moutón, C., Alegret, M., Peña, J. M., Rodríguez-Zapata, M., Alvarez-Mon, M., Martínez-A., C., & Mañes, S.
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2004-08-16
- Volume
- 200
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 541-547
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- OpenAlex
- W2167200907
- Cited by
- 294
- References
- 24
- FWCI
- 8.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Statins Inhibit HIV-1 Infection by Down-regulating Rho Activity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1084/jem.20040061
- The paper
- del Real, G., Jiménez-Baranda, S., Mira, E., Lacalle, R. A., Lucas, P., Gómez-Moutón, C., Alegret, M., Peña, J. M., Rodríguez-Zapata, M., Alvarez-Mon, M., Martínez-A., C., & Mañes, S. (2004). Statins Inhibit HIV-1 Infection by Down-regulating Rho Activity. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20040061
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
