The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
TLR9 regulates Th1 responses and cooperates with TLR2 in mediating optimal resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Open accessAbstract
To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)9 in the immune response to mycobacteria as well as its cooperation with TLR2, a receptor known to be triggered by several major mycobacterial ligands, we analyzed the resistance of TLR9(-/-) as well as TLR2/9 double knockout mice to aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infected TLR9(-/-) but not TLR2(-/-) mice displayed defective mycobacteria-induced interleukin (IL)-12p40 and interferon (IFN)-gamma responses in vivo, but in common with TLR2(-/-) animals, the TLR9(-/-) mice exhibited only minor reductions in acute resistance to low dose pathogen challenge. When compared with either of the single TLR-deficient animals, TLR2/9(-/-) mice displayed markedly enhanced susceptibility to infection in association with combined defects in proinflammatory cytokine production in vitro, IFN-gamma recall responses ex vivo, and altered pulmonary pathology. Cooperation between TLR9 and TLR2 was also evident at the level of the in vitro response to live M. tuberculosis, where dendritic cells and macrophages from TLR2/9(-/-) mice exhibited a greater defect in IL-12 response than the equivalent cell populations from single TLR9-deficient animals. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for TLR9 in the host response to M. tuberculosis and illustrate TLR collaboration in host resistance to a major human pathogen.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“As the main causative agent of tuberculosis, Mtb signals mainly through TLR 2, 6 and 9 (Bafica et al., 2005; Means et al., 1999).”
From Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates Hif-1α activity and IL-1β induction and is a critical determinant of the Warburg effect in LPS-activated macrophages (2015) · cites this paper as Bafica et al., 2005
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491 · cited 1×
“Although mycobacterial DNA has long been linked to the adjuvant properties of BCG as well as mycobacterial extracts (34–36), it is only with the recent discovery of immunostimulatory CpG motifs (31) and their recognition by TLR9 (47) that the basis of this effect of mycobacteria on the immune system has been properly…”
Takeda, K., Kaisho, T., & Akira, S. (2003) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126 · Cited by 6,143
Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses
Iwasaki, A., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1112 · Cited by 4,166
CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation
Krieg, A. M., Yi, A.-K., Matson, S., Waldschmidt, T. J., Bishop, G. A., Teasdale, R., Koretzky, G. A., & Klinman, D. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374546a0 · Cited by 3,508
Lutz, M. B., Kukutsch, N. A., Ogilvie, A. L. J., Rößner, S., Koch, F., Romani, N., & Schuler, G. (1999) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/s0022-1759(98)00204-x · Cited by 2,972
CpG Motifs in Bacterial DNA and Their Immune Effects
Krieg, A. Μ. (2002) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064842 · Cited by 2,598
An essential role for interferon gamma in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Flynn, J. L., Chan, J., Triebold, K. J., Dalton, D. K., Stewart, T. A., & Bloom, B. R. (1993) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.178.6.2249 · Cited by 2,468
Disseminated tuberculosis in interferon gamma gene-disrupted mice.
Cooper, A. M., Dalton, D. K., Stewart, T. A., Griffin, J. P., Russell, D. G., & Orme, I. M. (1993) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.178.6.2243 · Cited by 1,987
Flynn, J. L., Goldstein, M. M., Chan, J., Triebold, K. J., Pfeffer, K., Lowenstein, C. J., Schrelber, R., Mak, T. W., & Bloom, B. R. (1995) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/1074-7613(95)90001-2 · Cited by 1,678
TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome
Latz, E., Schoenemeyer, A., Visintin, A., Fitzgerald, K. A., Monks, B. G., Knetter, C. F., Lien, E., Nilsen, N. J., Espevik, T., & Golenbock, D. T. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1028 · Cited by 1,355
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 64 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- 1995, Immunology., 84, 423
- 2004, J. Clin. Invest., 114, 1790, 10.1172/JCI200421027 · DOI
- 1984, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 72, 955
- 2001, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 20, 709
- 2004, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol., 11, 625
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 601
Immunopathology of Tuberculosis
Saunders, B. M., Orme, I. M., & Basaraba, R. J. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9783527611614.ch27 · Cited by 14
Exploring and exploiting the host cell autophagy during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Nagdev, P. K., Agnivesh, P. K., Roy, A., Sau, S., & Kalia, N. P. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-023-04663-0 · Cited by 13
Klassert, T. E., Goyal, S., Stock, M., Driesch, D., Hussain, A., Berrocal-Almanza, L. C., Myakala, R., Sumanlatha, G., Valluri, V., Ahmed, N., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00242 · Cited by 13
Wang, F., Ni, W., Liu, G., Wang, J., Xie, F., Yuan, H., Guo, Y., Zhai, R., Chen, T., Li, Q., et al. (2015) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2014.12.016 · Cited by 13
Anti-Bacterial Effect of CpG-DNA Involves Enhancement of the Complement Systems
Kim, T. H., Park, J., Kim, D., Gautam, A., Akauliya, M., Kim, J., Lee, H., Park, S., Lee, Y., & Kwon, H. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20143397 · Cited by 13
Venkatasubramanian, S., Plumlee, C. R., Dill‐McFarland, K. A., Cohen, S. B., Gern, B. H., Rane, D. A., Meyer, M., Saha, A., Hinderstein, S. A., Pearson, G. L., et al. (2024) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-024-01641-w · Cited by 15
Dias, A. A., Silva, C. A. M., da Silva, C. O., Linhares, N. R. C., Santos, J. P. S., Vivarini, Á. D. C., Marques, M. A. M., Rosa, P. S., Lopes, U. G., Berrêdo‐Pinho, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.657449 · Cited by 12
Host–Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis
Espitia, C., Rodrguez, E., Ramn-Luing, L., Echeverra-Valencia, G., & Antonio, J. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/30310 · Cited by 12
Pulmonary mucosal dendritic cells in T-cell activation: implications for TB therapy
McCormick, S. M., Shaler, C. R., & Xing, Z. (2011) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1586/ers.10.81 · Cited by 12
Eisenblätter, M., Buchal, A., Gayum, H., Jasny, E., Viveros, P. R., Ulrichs, T., Schneider, T., Schumann, R. R., Zweigner, J., & Ignatius, R. (2012) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00741-12 · Cited by 12
Marinho, F. V., Fahel, J. S., Scanga, C. A., Gomes, M. T. R., Guimarães, G. R., Carvalho, G. R. M., Morales, S., Báfica, A. L. B., & Oliveira, S. C. (2016) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1502157 · Cited by 12
The Role of Vitamin D in Innate Immunity
Liu, P. T. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381978-9.10093-9 · Cited by 12
Simper, J., Perez, E., Schlesinger, L. S., & Azad, A. K. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11101153 · Cited by 11
The molecular basis and downstream immune consequences of mycobacteria–host cell interactions
Daher, W., Pichler, V., Karam, J., Neyrolles, O., & Kremer, L. (2023) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuad009 · Cited by 11
Gaur, R. L., Suhosk, M. M., & Banaei, N. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048027 · Cited by 11
Wherry, T. L. T., Dassanayake, R. P., Casas, E., Mooyottu, S., Bannantine, J. P., & Reffett, J. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.773938 · Cited by 11
TLR9‐independent effects of inhibitory oligonucleotides on macrophage responses to S. typhimurium
Trieu, A., Bokil, N. J., Dunn, J. A., Roberts, T. L., Xu, D., Liew, F. Y., Hume, D. A., Stacey, K. J., & Sweet, M. J. (2008) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.2008.95 · Cited by 12
Toll-like receptor 10 expression in chicken, cattle, pig, dog, and rat lungs
Balachandran, Y., Knaus, S., Caldwell, S. J., & Singh, B. (2015) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.09.007 · Cited by 11
Nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors: Beyond ligand search☆
Miyake, K. (2008) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2008.02.001 · Cited by 11
O’Garra, A., & Britton, W. J. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527611614.ch25 · Cited by 11
Kawka, M., Płocińska, R., Płociński, P., Pawełczyk, J., Słomka, M., Gatkowska, J. M., Dzitko, K., Dziadek, B. R., & Dziadek, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238132 · Cited by 10
Wójcik, R., Małaczewska, J., Tobolski, D., Miciński, J., Kaczorek‐Łukowska, E., & Zwierzchowski, G. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25105068 · Cited by 10
Nangpal, P., Nagpal, N., Angrish, N., & Khare, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1572547 · Cited by 11
Hwanga, E.-H., Kim, T.-H., Park, J., Hong, J. J., Kim, D.-H., Ha, S., Yang, S., Shin, S. J., & Park, J.-H. (2017) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2017.02.021 · Cited by 10
Gouveia, A. C. C., Braga, F. G., Mota, M., Silva, F. M. D. C. E., Brugiolo, A. S. S., de Oliveira, É. E., Ayupe, M. C., Teixeira, H. C., & Ferreira, A. P. (2017) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.005 · Cited by 10
Mittal, M., Biswas, S., Singh, V., Arela, N., Katoch, V. M., Das, R., Yadav, V. S., Bajaj, B., & Mohanty, K. K. (2018) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-018-4182-z · Cited by 10
Jani, C., Solomon, S. L., Peters, J. M., Pringle, S. C., Hinman, A. E., Boucau, J., Bryson, B. D., & Barczak, A. K. (2023) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00052-23 · Cited by 10
Mycobacterium fortuituminduces A20 expression that impairs macrophage inflammatory responses
Lee, G. J., Lee, H., Kim, T. S., Kim, J. K., Sohn, K. M., & Jo, E. (2016) · Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1093/femspd/ftw015 · Cited by 10
Resende, D. P., da Costa, A. C., Rosa, L. P. D. S., Rodrigues, A. P. D. S., Santos, A. S. E. A. D. C., Cardoso, C. K. D. S., Sousa, J. D., Kipnis, A., Silveira, É. A., & Junqueira‐Kipnis, A. P. (2018) · Tuberculosis · doi:10.1016/j.tube.2018.11.003 · Cited by 10
Kim, J. S., Kim, W. S., Lee, K., Won, C.-J., Kim, J., Eum, S.-Y., Koh, W., & Shin, S. J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059646 · Cited by 9
Tsolaki, A. G., Varghese, P. M., & Kishore, U. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_9 · Cited by 10
[Toll-like receptor in lung response to pathogens].
Rivas-Santiago, B. T., & Juárez, E. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 9
Assessment of Leishmanicidal and Trypanocidal Activities of Aliphatic Diamine Derivatives
Yamanaka, C. N., Giordani, R. B., Júnior, C. D. O. R., Eger, I., Kessler, R. L., Tonini, M. L., de Moraes, M. H., Araújo, D. P., Zuanazzi, J. Â. S., de Almeida, M. V., et al. (2013) · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · doi:10.1111/cbdd.12191 · Cited by 9
Mycobacterium marinum: a potential immunotherapy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Tian, T., Wang, Liu, Shen, & Wang, H. (2013) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s45197 · Cited by 9
Scanga, C. A., Báfica, A. L. B., & Sher, A. (2006) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/510244 · Cited by 9
Microbiology ofMycobacterium tuberculosisand a new diagnostic test for TB
Katalinić-Jankovič, V., Furci, L., & Cirillo, D. M. (2012) · European Respiratory Society eBooks · doi:10.1183/1025448x.10022311 · Cited by 9
Konowich, J., Gopalakrishnan, A., Dietzold, J., Verma, S., Bhatt, K., Rafi, W., & Salgame, P. (2016) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1601651 · Cited by 9
López, V., van der Heijden, E. M. D. L., Villar, M., Michel, A. L., Alberdi, P., Gortázar, C., Rutten, V. P. M. G., & de la Fuente, J. (2018) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.013 · Cited by 9
Sharma, R. K., Sharma, J., Khan, Z. K., Pattekar, A., Gupta, V., Bansal, R., Sharma, K., Aggarwal, A. N., Gupta, A., & Sachdeva, N. K. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32234-3 · Cited by 8
Tsukamoto, Y., Tamura, T., Maeda, Y., Miyake, K., & Ato, M. (2019) · Tuberculosis · doi:10.1016/j.tube.2019.101890 · Cited by 8
Zamora, V., Andreu‐Ballester, J. C., Rodero, M., & Cuéllar, C. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108120 · Cited by 8
Yang, Z., Gu, P., Shao, X., Li, Z., Zhou, Y., Lu, L., & Chou, K. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.288498 · Cited by 8
Rai, R. C., Dwivedi, V. P., Chatterjee, S., Prasad, D. V. R., & Das, G. (2012) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2012.07.019 · Cited by 8
Gopalakrishnan, A., Dietzold, J., & Salgame, P. (2015) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.12.009 · Cited by 8
Teymournejad, O., Sharma, A. K., Abdelwahed, M. S., Kader, M., Ahmed, I., Elkafas, H., & Ismail, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212167 · Cited by 7
Barazani, O., Erdos, T., Chowdhury, R., Kaur, G., & Venketaraman, V. (2025) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology14040417 · Cited by 7
Teleost contributions to the understanding of mycobacterial diseases
Hodgkinson, J. W., Belosevic, M., Elks, P. M., & Barreda, D. R. (2019) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2019.02.011 · Cited by 7
Evasion of Innate and Adaptive Immunity byMycobacterium tuberculosis
Goldberg, M. F., Saini, N. K., & Porcelli, S. A. (2015) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555818845.ch36 · Cited by 7
da Costa, A. C., Resende, D. P., Santos, B. D. P. O., Zoccal, K. F., Faccioli, L. H., Kipnis, A., & Junqueira‐Kipnis, A. P. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00623 · Cited by 7
Schultz, T. E., Wiesmüller, K., Lucas, M., Dobos, K. M., Baxter, A. G., & Blumenthal, A. (2018) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.2ma0517-190rr · Cited by 7
Mensah, G. I., Boakye, A. N., Basingnaa, A., Owusu, E., Antwi-Baffour, S. S., Ofori, M. F., Addo, K. K., Jackson-Sillah, D., & Adékambi, T. (2021) · Immuno · doi:10.3390/immuno1040028 · Cited by 7
Mouse and Guinea Pig Models of Tuberculosis
Orme, I. M., & Ordway, D. J. (2017) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555819569.ch7 · Cited by 7
Host Pathogen Biology for AirborneMycobacterium tuberculosis
Arnett, E., Krishnan, N., Robertson, B. D., & Schlesinger, L. S. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118943182.ch2 · Cited by 7
Selective TLR ligand stimulation enhances in vivo mosquito-borne flavivirus pathogenicity
Suzuki, T., Miyata, Y., Haga, S., Itoh, Y., Tanaka, T., Hishinuma, T., Orba, Y., Eshita, Y., Sakai, Y., Kurosu, T., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116210 · Cited by 6
Li, J., Liu, Y., Ruan, Y., Kong, X., Jin, X., Wang, J., Liao, K., Shen, L., & Pi, J. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107914 · Cited by 6
Yaman, Y., Aymaz, R., Keleş, M., Bay, V., Ün, C., & Heaton, M. P. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86605-4 · Cited by 6
Donovan, M. L., Bielefeldt‐Ohmann, H., Rollo, R. F., McPherson, S. J., Schultz, T. E., Mori, G., Kling, J. C., & Blumenthal, A. (2022) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.13606 · Cited by 6
Bataduwaarachchi, V. R., Hansanie, S. M. N., Rockwood, N., & D'Cruz, L. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265511 · Cited by 6
C-type Lectins in Immunity to Lung Pathogens
Raymond, B. B. A., Neyrolles, O., & Rombouts, Y. (2020) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2020_197 · Cited by 7
Dendritic Cell–Specific Role for Pellino2 as a Mediator of TLR9 Signaling Pathway
Oleszycka, E., Rodgers, A. M., Xu, L., & Moynagh, P. N. (2021) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2100236 · Cited by 6
Wherry, T. L. T., Mooyottu, S., & Reffett, J. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.830144 · Cited by 6
Pattern recognition receptor agonists in pathogen vaccines mediate antitumor T-cell cross-priming
Aleynick, M., Svensson‐Arvelund, J., Pantsulaia, G., Kim, K., Rose, S. A., Upadhyay, R., Yellin, M. J., Marsh, H. C., Oreper, D., Jhunjhunwala, S., et al. (2023) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2023-007198 · Cited by 5
Bruffaerts, N., Pedersen, L. E., Vandermeulen, G., Véronique Préat, A., Stockhofe-Zurwieden, N., Huygen, K., & Romano, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0132288 · Cited by 5
Zaki, H. Y., Gasmelseed, N., Abdalla, B. E., & Yip, S. P. (2018) · Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2018.01.001 · Cited by 5
Granulomatous Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Kolloli, A., Singh, P., & Subbian, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97367-8_3 · Cited by 5
Toll-Like Receptors as Drug Targets in the Intestinal Epithelium
McKernan, D. P. (2021) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2021_563 · Cited by 5
Kahkhaie, K. R., Keikhaie, K. R., Rezaie-Kahkhaie, L., Saravani, K., & Kamali, A. (2021) · Cellular Molecular and Biomedical Reports · doi:10.55705/cmbr.2021.356674.1059 · Cited by 5
Immunität gegen Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Nowag, A., & Hartmann, P. (2016) · Der Internist · doi:10.1007/s00108-015-0016-4 · Cited by 5
Synthetic mycobacterial molecular patterns partially complete Freund’s adjuvantPreprint
Dubé, J.-Y., McIntosh, F. A., Zarruk, J. G., David, S., Nigou, J., & Behr, M. A. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/699165 · Cited by 5
Macrophage polarization or repolarization in tuberculosis
Samanta, A., Maity, S., Hazra, R., Jayaraman, A., & Mahapatra, S. K. (2024) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine · doi:10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_116_24 · Cited by 4
Vargas-Calderón, H., Ortega‐Robles, E., Rocha, L., Yu, P., & Arias-Carrión, Ó. (2024) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102985 · Cited by 4
Zapico, D., Espinosa, J., Criado, M., Gutiérrez-Expósito, D., Ferreras, M. C., Benavides, J., Pérez, V. P., & Fernández, M. (2024) · Veterinary Pathology · doi:10.1177/03009858241302850 · Cited by 4
Ni, W., Wang, F., Liu, G., Zhang, N., Yuan, H., Jie, J., & Tai, G. (2016) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.021 · Cited by 4
Whole-blood culture-derived cytokine combinations for the diagnosis of tuberculosis
Østergaard, A. A., Feddersen, S., Barnkob, M. B., Lynggaard, R. B., Karstoft, A. C. A., Borup, M. B., Titlestad, I. L., Jensen, T. T., Hilberg, O., Wejse, C. M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397941 · Cited by 4
The Constituents of the Cell Envelope and Their Impact on the Host Immune System
Britton, W. J., & Triccas, J. A. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555815783.ch16 · Cited by 4
Vitamin D and the Innate Immunity
Liu, P. T., Hewison, M., & Adams, J. S. (2010) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-303-9_13 · Cited by 4
Immunopathology of Tuberculosis
Actor, J. K., Hunter, R. L., & Jagannath, C. (2008) · Molecular pathology library · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-72430-0_40 · Cited by 4
Zhao, W., Zhou, X., Lu, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, L., Lin, J., Yang, L., Yin, X., & Zhao, D. (2014) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.2013.2026 · Cited by 4
Yolmo, P., Rahimi, S., Chenard, S. W., Conseil, G., Jenkins, D., Sachdeva, K., Emon, I. M., Hamilton, J., Xu, M., Rangachari, M., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.30.522127 · Cited by 4
Kotani, S., Mishima, Y., Kishimoto, K., Oka, A., Oshima, N., Kawashima, K., Matsumoto, K., Usuda, H., Wada, K., & Ishihara, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1672117 · Cited by 4
Host-directed insights into mycobacterial infections: Toward targeted immunomodulation
Menon, A. M., Abhinand, K., Thomas, S. S., Salini, S., Edison, L. K., Mohanan, P. C. P., Arun, K. B., Babu, P., Kumar, G. B., Nair, B. G., et al. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.108233 · Cited by 3
Infectious Diseases Evaluation of the Child With Suspected Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Leon, M. D., Otto, W. R., Danziger‐Isakov, L. A., Kumar, A. R., & Huang, F. S. (2024) · Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · doi:10.1093/jpids/piae007 · Cited by 3
Lashkarbolouki, T., Ardestani, S. K., Kariminia, A., Ziaee, A., Torkabadi, E., & Ebrahimi, M. M. (2006) · Microbiological Research · doi:10.1016/j.micres.2006.07.012 · Cited by 3
Flores, C., & Daniela, O. (2011) · Cited by 3
Genetics in the Host‐Mycobacterium ulcerans interaction
Fevereiro, J., Fraga, A. G., & Pedrosa, J. (2021) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12958 · Cited by 4
Vitamin D and the Innate Immune Response
Vazirnia, A., & Liu, P. T. (2012) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-888-7_4 · Cited by 3
Aoki, R., Suzuki, C., Kimoto, H., Nomura, M., & Mizumachi, K. (2011) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2010-3847 · Cited by 3
Lee, D. J., & Modlin, R. L. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1208-1319 · Cited by 3
TLRs and tryptophan metabolism at the crossroad of immunoregulatory pathways
Volpi, C., Mondanelli, G., Puccetti, P., & Grohmann, U. (2014) · Immunometabolism · doi:10.2478/immun-2014-0001 · Cited by 3
Immunomodulatory Role of Mycobacterial PE/PPE Family of Proteins
Nair, S. (2014) · Revista de Fomento Social · doi:10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i5/47973 · Cited by 3
Cell-Mediated Defense against Infection
Glickman, M. S., & Pamer, E. G. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06839-3.00009-6 · Cited by 3
Truong, T. T., Martin, K., Salemi, M., Ray, A., Phinney, B. S., & Penn, B. H. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.594178 · Cited by 3
Innate Immune Responses to Tuberculosis
Schorey, J. S., & Schlesinger, L. S. (2017) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555819569.ch1 · Cited by 2
An experimental and computational approach to unraveling interconnected TLR signaling cascades
Liew, C. W., Polanco, L. C., Manalang, K., & Kurt, R. A. (2022) · Informatics in Medicine Unlocked · doi:10.1016/j.imu.2022.100939 · Cited by 3
Activation of host nucleic acid sensors by Mycobacterium : good for us or good for them?
Schorey, J. S., Vecchio, J. A., McManus, W. R., Ongalo, J., & Webber, K. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.1080/1040841x.2023.2294904 · Cited by 2
Zavala, K., Vazirnia, A., & Liu, P. T. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809963-6.00105-x · Cited by 2
Lindenau, J. D., Salzano, F. M., Hurtado, A. M., Hill, K. R., & Hutz, M. H. (2016) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2016.06.017 · Cited by 2
Mège, J. (2007) · Infectious disease and therapy · doi:10.3109/9781420019971.019 · Cited by 2
Macrophage and Mycobacterium: The war without beginning or end
Зенков, Н. К., Владимирович, Ч. А., Kozhin, P. M., Анатольевна, К. Т., & Брониславовна, М. Е. (2016) · Biology Bulletin Reviews · doi:10.1134/s2079086416040095 · Cited by 2
Tsitoura, E., Kazazi, D., Arslan, D. Ö., Sever, E. A., Khalili, S., Vassilaki, N., Aslanoglou, E., Dérian, N., Six, A., Sezerman, O. U., et al. (2018) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2018.161 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Bafica, A., Scanga, C. A., Feng, C. G., Leifer, C., Cheever, A., & Sher, A.
- Affiliations
- 1Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Biomedical Research Institute (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2005-12-19
- Volume
- 202
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1715-1724
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC2212963
- OpenAlex
- W2159112596
- Cited by
- 601
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 23.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- TLR9, TLR2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Th1 response, IL-12p40, interferon-gamma, aerosol infection, dendritic cells, macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, lung pathology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigen-Presenting Cells, Flow Cytometry, Immunity, Innate, Lung, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Cytokines, DNA Primers, Mice, Knockout, Th1 Cells, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Toll-Like Receptor 9, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review