Infrared observations of the galactic center. I - Nature of the compact sources
Abstract
Photometry from 1.25 to 12 micrometers and spectrophotometry from 8 to 13 micrometers of the compact sources found in the galactic-center region are reported. In addition, revised 10 and new 20 micrometers maps with 2''.3 resolution are given. The nature of the compact sources is discussed. Some are best identified as stars or star clusters; the brightest source at 2 micrometers is probably a supergiant, and the infrared source near the nonthermal radio source is probably a stellar cluster with density greater than 1 million solar masses/cu pc. Other sources emit most of their luminosity at wavelengths of 10 micrometers and greater; this emission is probably from heated dust. One of the sources is observationally similar to extremely red OH/infrared stars. Other sources have luminosities and linear sizes similar to those of compact H II regions; emission from optically thin silicate dust is seen in these.
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The central parsec of the GC hosts a compact star cluster (M⋆≃10^6 M⊙) where the majority of stars are old (age≳1 Gyr) with an average rotation vector in the same direction as the Galaxy.
“The central parsec of the GC is known to host a compact star cluster ( M ⋆ ≃ 10 6 M ⊙ ) where the majority of stars are old (age ≳ 1 Gyr) that have an average rotation vector in the same direction as the Galaxy itself (Becklin et al. 1978; Launhardt et al. 2002; Genzel et al. 1996; Trippe et al. 2008; Schödel et al. 2009; von Fellenberg et al. 2022).”
From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Becklin et al. 1978
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“The Galactic center is heavily obscured by gas and dust in the optical and ultraviolet wavebands (AV 30 mag) (Becklin et al. 1978; Rieke, Rieke, & Paul 1989).”
BackgroundThe Stellar Cusp around the Supermassive Black Hole in the Galactic Center
Genzel, R., Schödel, R., Ott, T., Eisenhauer, F., Hofmann, R., Lehnert, M. D., Eckart, A., Tal Alexander, A., Sternberg, A., Lenzen, R., et al. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/377127 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
“Finally, there is a group of dust-embedded stars with nearly featureless near-IR spectra (Becklin et al. 1978; Krabbe et al. 1995; Genzel et al. 1996), many of which are associated with the gaseous minispiral (Lo & Claussen 1983).”
BackgroundThe Absence of Crystalline Silicates in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
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“IRS 7 is a late-type supergiant and is the brightest 2.2 m source in the vicinity of the GC. IRS 3, an OH/IR star, shows the 10 m silicate feature in absorption (Becklin et al. 1978).”
BackgroundInfluentialLarge, highly organized radio structures near the galactic centre
Yusef-Zadeh, F., Morris, M., & Chance, D. (1984) · Nature · doi:10.1038/310557a0 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
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“For the inferred optical depth to the Galactic center (Av 30; Becklin et al. 1978), X-ray absorption will only be significant for lower temperature gas.”
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MethodHCN and HCO<sup>+</sup>Observations of the Galactic Circumnuclear Disk
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“GC IRS 1W, GC IRS 3, and GC IRS 21 are near Sgr A* (Becklin et al. 1978; Tollestrup et al. 1989) at Galactic coordinates l = 359.94◦ and b = −0.05◦, while GCS 3-2, NHS 21, NHS 22, NHS 25, and NHS 42 are at nearly the same Galactic latitude but with higher longitudes ranging from l = 0.10◦ to 0.16◦…”
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InfluentialBuchholz, R. M., Schödel, R., & Eckart, A. (2009) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0903.2135 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
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“Of the sources discussed here, IRS 1, 3, 6, and 8 are strong 10 lm sources, whereas IRS 7, 12, and 19 are brightest at 2 lm (Becklin et al. 1978; Rieke & Low 1973).”
BackgroundSpatially Resolved Observations of the Galactic Center Source IRS 21
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BackgroundInfluentialDetection of a warm molecular wind in DG Tauri
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BackgroundInfluentialPott, J., Eckart, A., Glindemann, A., Schödel, R., Viehmann, T., & Robberto, M. (2007) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0711.0249 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Infrared Line Diagnostics Fail to Constrain Sgr A*’s UV Output
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“…the UV are precluded by the extreme interstellar extinction toward the Galactic center, with A V ∼ 30 mag ( E. E. Becklin & G. Neugebauer 1968; E. E. Becklin et al. 1978; G. H. Rieke & M. J. Lebofsky 1985; T. K. Fritz et al. 2011; S. D. von Fellenberg et al. 2025a ) , corresponding to optical…”
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- Authors
- Becklin, E. E., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G., & Willner, S. P.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 1978-01
- Volume
- 219
- Pages
- 121
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2032105362
- Cited by
- 79
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- en
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- closed
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- Galactic Center, compact infrared sources, infrared photometry, infrared spectrophotometry, supergiants, star clusters, OH/IR stars, compact H II regions, nonthermal radio sources
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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