Cited by 200Astrophysical Phenomena and ObservationsAstrophysics and Star Formation StudiesStellar, planetary, and galactic studies

The nucleus of our Galaxy

Open access
Genzel, R, Hollenbach, D, Townes, C H·1994·Reports on Progress in Physics

Abstract

The subject of this review is the central 100 parsecs of our Galaxy, with a strong focus on the central few parsecs. Observations of the electromagnetic spectrum over 13 orders of magnitude in wavelength show a broad range of phenomena involving a number of physical processes. We discuss the stellar and interstellar components, the importance of magnetic and gravitational forces, the evidence for stellar formation and a central massive black hole, and the origin and nature of ionization, outflows and interstellar gas dynamics.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1088/0034-4885/57/5/001

Cites

214 of 214 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Within the ionized cavity, different streams spiral in toward Sgr A* with the closest approach at ~0.04 pc where the mass inflow rate is estimated to be ~10^-3 M⊙/yr.

    “Within the ionized cavity, different streams spiral in toward Sgr A ∗ with the closest approach at ∼ 0 . 04 pc where the mass inflow rate is estimated to be ∼ 10 -3 M ⊙ yr -1 (Genzel et al. 1994).”

    From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Genzel et al. 1994

    Section 4.4 describes ionized mini-spiral streamers orbiting the centre near Sgr A*. Section 6.4 gives an influx of 10^-3–10^-2 solar masses per year into the central few parsecs, not a rate at a closest approach of 0.04 pc. The paper also suggests stellar winds may prevent gas from falling into the central 0.1 pc; the quoted closest approach and associated inflow rate are not supported. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 27

  1. AlfvCn H 1954 0 , ~ fhe Origi,! of lhc Solar Sysfcst (Oxford: OxFord University Press)
  2. Backer D C and Sramek R 1993, in prep Backer D C, Zensus J A, Kcllermann K I, Reid M J. Moran J M and Lo K Y 1994 Noiurc in press Bahcall I N and Wolf R A 1976 Aslroplqw. J . 209 214
  3. Binney J and Tremainc S C 1987 Galaerie Djmmic,r (Princeton Univ. Press)
  4. Falcke H, Biermann P L. Duschl W J and Mezger P G 1993 Aslron. Asrropkys. 270 102 Conference Series ed S. Kwok in press Springer) p I .~lrooph,vs. J. 372 L75 Kluwr) I89 Blandford 1982 33 (Dordrecht: Kluwer)
  5. Haller J W 1992 Ph.D. Thesis Univ. of Arizona, Tucson
  6. Jackson J M, Geis N, Genzel R, Harris A I, Madden S, Poglitsch A, Stacey G J and Townes C H 1993 Jansky K G 1932 Proc. IRE 20 1920
  7. Jenkins A and Binney J 1993, preprint f. 356 160 in Morris (19891 p 345 Harris (Dordrccht: Kluwer) in press Asrropliys. 3. 362 I14 417 565 Astrophys. 3. 402 173
  8. Ann. Rcu. Amon. Asrroplrys. in press
  9. Krenz T. Harris A I, Genzel R. Poglitsch A and Townes C H 1993 in prep. Krichbaum T el 01 1994 Aslrnn. Aslropl~ys. in press
  10. Lauer T R CI a1 1992 Asrr.oplt~s. J. IO4 552 -1994 A s t r o p ~ J. in press Lebofsky M J, Rieke G H and Tokunaga A 1982 Astropliys. J. 263 736
  11. Ln' H M 1988 Dynarrrics of D C ~P Sr&r Sjslcnts ed D Mcrritt Cambridge University Press 105
  12. Lesch P and Reich W 1993 Astron Astropliys. in press
  13. Marcaide J M, Alberdi A, Elosegui P and Lara L 1993 Suh-Arcsero,rd Rndio Astromorzy ed R Davies in Markevitch M. Sunyaev R A and Pavlinsky M 1993 Narsre in press Marr. J M. Rudolph A L. Pauls T A, Wright M C H and Backer D C 1992 Astropl!js. J. 400 L29
  14. McCregor PI, Hillier D J and Hyland 1988 Astrophp. J. 334 639 Aslrophys. J. 330 I30 Natrrrc 339 603 320 573 Springer) 359 press Riegler and Blandford 1982 48
  15. Merritt D ed 1989 Dynamics o/Dense Sfellor Systems (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press)
  16. Murphy B W, Cohn H N and Durisen R H 1988 Dynnfiiics o/Dczse SteIIollar Systems ed D Merrit Cambridge Univ. Press 97
  17. Najarro F. Hillier D J, Kudritzki R P, Krabbe A. Lutz D, Genre1 R, Drapatz S and Geballe T R 1993 Astron. Astr.opllJ~s. in press
  18. Ozernoy L M, Titarchuk K Land Ramaty R 1993 Back lo the Golory eds S Holt et ol AIP coni. proceedings, Panagia N 1973 Astropl8~s. J . 78 929
  19. Poglitsch A, Stacey G J, Geis N, Haggerty M, Jackson J, Rumitz M, Genzel R and Townes C H 1991 Predehl P, Truemper J, Genzel R el a1 1993 in prep. Press W H and Teukolsky S A 1977 Aslropl~y~. J. 213 183
  20. -Ann. Rev. Astron. Astroplrys. 31 in press Kluwer), 361 in press.
  21. Riegler G R a n d Blandford R D eds 1982 75e Gnlaaic Cenler AIP conference proceedings 83, New York
  22. Shapiro S L and Tcukalsky S A 1983 Black Holm, While Uwmfs and Nenrrou St,+ (New York: Wiley)
  23. Shields J and Ferland G 1993 Astroplr?s. J. in press
  24. Stier M T. Dwck E, Silverberg R F, Hauser M G , Cheung L, Kelsall T and Gezari D Y 1982 in Riegler and Sunyaev R A, Babichenko S I, Goganov S A, Tabaldyev S R and Yambarenko N S 1990 A h . Space Res. Springer) I R Wielebinski p 383 chapter I4 J. 360 95 Blandford 42 10 233
  25. Tsuboi M 1988 Ph.D. Thesis University of Tokyo
  26. Weiland J L er 01 1993 Boeh io Ihe Goloxy ed F Verw in press Werner i\l W, Tamura hl. Bccklin E E and Tokunap A 1992 BAAS 26 I260 N'erntr M Wand Davidsoo J A 1989 in Mnrrir (1989) 423
  27. YuseCZadeh F 1986, Ph.D. Thesis Columbia Universily Yuxr.-Zadeh F 1986 and Morris hl 14873 Aaropl,l?. J . 320 $35 -1587b Aslvophys. .i. 94 1

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Genzel, R., Hollenbach, D., & Townes, C. H.
Affiliations
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (DE)
Venue
Reports on Progress in Physics
Published
1994-05-01
Volume
57
Issue
5
Pages
417-479
ISSN
  • 0034-4885 (ISSN-L)
  • 1361-6633
OpenAlex
W2104012283
Cited by
200
References
214
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
FWCI
22.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Reports on Progress in Physics (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Keywords
galactic nuclei, Milky Way center, central parsec, stellar populations, interstellar medium, magnetic field, gravitational force, star formation, supermassive black holes, ionization, galactic outflows, interstellar gas dynamics

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review