The DOI matches its Crossref record.
A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis
Abstract
view Abstract Citations (2400) References (10) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis. Milgrom, M. Abstract The author considers the possibility that there is not, in fact, much hidden mass in galaxies and galaxy systems. If a certain modified version of the Newtonian dynamics is used to describe the motion of bodies in a gravitational field (of a galaxy, say), the observational results are reproduced with no need to assume hidden mass in appreciable quantities. Various characteristics of galaxies result with no further assumptions. The basis of the modification is the assumption that in the limit of small acceleration a very low a0, the acceleration of a particle at distance r from a mass M satisfies approximately a2/a0 ≈ MGr-2, where a0 is a constant of the dimensions of an acceleration. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: July 1983 DOI: 10.1086/161130 Bibcode: 1983ApJ...270..365M Keywords: Cosmology; Galactic Structure; Nonrelativistic Mechanics; Stellar Motions; Particle Acceleration; Solar System; Astrophysics full text sources ADS |
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR): the asymptotic circular speed depends only on the total baryonic mass and a 0, predicting a flat RC independent of radius.”
From The rotation curve of the Milky Way: State of the art, the Keplerian decline debate, and implications for dark matter (2026) · cites this paper as Milgrom (1983)
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,004
Dwarf elliptical galaxies as ancient tidal dwarf galaxies
Dabringhausen, J., & Kroupa, P. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sts326 · Cited by 66
“Moreover, the internal accelerations in low-mass dEs are in the regime where Milgromian dynamics (Milgrom 1983) would be relevant (cf. figure 7 in Misgeld & Hilker 2011).”
BackgroundGravitational alternatives to dark matter with tensor mode speed equaling the speed of light
Skordis, C., & Zlosnik, T. G. (2019) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.100.104013 · Cited by 65
“In 1983, Milgrom showed [17] that this motion of stars could instead result from a modification to the inertia/dynamics of stars at low Newtonian accelerations.”
BackgroundThe central surface density of ‘dark haloes’ predicted by MOND
Milgrom, M. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15255.x · Cited by 65
Self-citationBounds on fifth forces at the sub-Å length scale
Salumbides, E. J., Ubachs, W., & Korobov, V. I. (2014) · Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.jms.2014.04.003 · Cited by 65
Testing the MOND Paradigm of Modified Dynamics with Galaxy-Galaxy Gravitational Lensing
Milgrom, M. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.041105 · Cited by 65
Self-citationMOND simulation suggests an origin for some peculiarities in the Local Group
Bílek, M., Thies, I., Kroupa, P., & Famaey, B. (2018) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731939/pdf · Cited by 71
The Universal Rotation Curve of Spiral GalaxiesPreprint
Kirillov, A. A., & Turaev, D. (2006) · Cited by 65
NON-NEWTONIAN BEHAVIOR IN WEAK FIELD GENERAL RELATIVITY FOR EXTENDED ROTATING SOURCES
Balasin, H., & Grumiller, D. (2008) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s0218271808012140 · Cited by 64
Brouwer, M. M., Oman, K. A., Valentijn, E. A., Bilicki, M., Heymans, C., Hoekstra, H., Napolitano, N. R., Roy, N., Tortora, C., Wright, A. H., et al. (2021) · Leiden Repository (Leiden University) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202040108/pdf · Cited by 68
“= −0.2 dex with respect to MOND, with similar results for EG.”
BackgroundInfluentialLilleengen, S., Petersen, M. S., Erkal, D., Peñarrubia, J., Koposov, S. E., Li, T. S., Cullinane, L. R., Ji, A. P., Kuehn, K. W., Lewis, G. F., et al. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3108 · Cited by 65
Direct Detection of Dark Matter: A Critical Review
Misiaszek, M., & Rossi, N. (2024) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym16020201 · Cited by 64
Contaldi, C., Wiseman, T., & Withers, B. (2008) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.78.044034 · Cited by 64
Gravitational decoupling in cosmology
Cedeño, F. X. L., & Contreras, E. (2020) · Physics of the Dark Universe · doi:10.1016/j.dark.2020.100543 · Cited by 63
The Radial Acceleration Relation in CLASH Galaxy Clusters
Tian, Y., Umetsu, K., Ko, C.-M., Donahue, M., & Chiu, I.-N. T. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab8e3d · Cited by 66
“Alternatively, the RAR has been interpreted as a consequence of a new dynamical law without the need of DM. Milgrom (1983) introduced modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND), in which the dynamical law changes if the acceleration is smaller than an acceleration scale g†.”
BackgroundMateo, M. L., Olszewski, E. W., Vogt, S. S., et al. (1998) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300618 · Cited by 64
Harko, T., & Lobo, F. S. N. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108645683 · Cited by 137
Spherically symmetric charged black holes in f(R) gravitational theories
NASHED, G. G. L. (2018) · The European Physical Journal Plus · doi:10.1140/epjp/i2018-11849-7 · Cited by 60
Palomar 13: An Unusual Stellar System in the Galactic Halo
Côté, P., Djorgovski, S. G., Meylan, G., et al. (2002) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/340978 · Cited by 63
Axisymmetric and Triaxial MOND Density‐Potential Pairs
Ciotti, L., Londrillo, P., & Nipoti, C. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/500192 · Cited by 63
Entropic corrections to Einstein equations
Hendi, S. H., & Sheykhi, A. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.084012 · Cited by 62
Phenomenological consequences of superfluid dark matter with baryon-phonon coupling
Berezhiani, L., Famaey, B., & Khoury, J. (2018) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2018/09/021 · Cited by 64
“The framework marries the phenomenological success of the ΛCDM model on cosmological scales with that of Milgrom’s empirical law [18] at fitting galaxy properties.”
Method(1992) · doi:10.1142/1555 · Cited by 66
Preferred frame parameters in the tensor-vector-scalar theory of gravity and its generalization
Sagi, E. (2009) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.80.044032 · Cited by 26
The Intrinsic Bispectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Pettinari, G. W., Fidler, C., Crittenden, R., Koyama, K., & Wands, D. (2013) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21882-3 · Cited by 65
Galaxy merging in modified Newtonian dynamics
Nipoti, C., Londrillo, P., & Ciotti, L. (2007) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2007.00378.x · Cited by 62
Effective fluid description of the dark universe
Cadoni, M., Roberto Casadio, A., Giusti, A., et al. (2017) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2017.11.058 · Cited by 62
“where we exactly find the logarithmic corrections to the gravitational potential one expects at galactic scales, as MOND (or the Tully–Fisher relation) suggests [22,17,45].”
BackgroundMOND vs. dark matter in light of historical parallels
Milgrom, M. (2020) · Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics · doi:10.1016/j.shpsb.2020.02.004 · Cited by 70
“Most were identified in Milgrom (1983, 1983a); for others I indicate the references below.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationTwo-body relaxation in modified Newtonian dynamics
Ciotti, L., & Binney, J. J. (2004) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07779.x · Cited by 62
X-ray Group and cluster mass profiles in MOND: Unexplained mass on the group scalePreprint
Angus, G. W., Famaey, B., & Buote, D. A. (2012) · Cited by 62
The Formation of Cosmic Structure with Modified Newtonian Dynamics
Sanders, R. H. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/322487 · Cited by 61
THE RECENTLY DETERMINED ANOMALOUS PERIHELION PRECESSION OF SATURN
Iorio, L. (2008) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/3/3615 · Cited by 70
The universal Faber-Jackson relation
Sanders, R. H. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16957.x · Cited by 61
Star Clusters in Evolving Galaxies
Renaud, F. (2018) · New Astronomy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.newar.2018.03.001 · Cited by 40
Cosmological behavior of Bekenstein’s modified theory of gravity
Bourliot, F., Ferreira, P. G., Mota, D. F., & Skordis, C. (2007) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.75.063508 · Cited by 63
Blais-Ouellette, S., Claude Carignan, A., Amram, P., & Côté, S. (1999) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301066 · Cited by 69
Laboratory Test of Newton’s Second Law for Small Accelerations
Gundlach, J. H., Schlamminger, S., Spitzer, C., et al. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.150801 · Cited by 61
Probing hybrid modified gravity by stellar motion around Galactic Center
Borka, D., Capozzıello, S., Jovanović, P., & Jovanović, V. B. (2016) · Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.03.002 · Cited by 60
“Several alternative gravity theories have been proposed (see e.g. [1–7] for reviews), such as: MOND [8], scalar-tensor [9–12], conformal [13, 14], Yukawa-like corrected gravity theories [15–18], theories of "massive gravity" [19–25].”
BackgroundThe distribution of mass components in simulated disc galaxies
Santos-Santos, I., Brook, C. B., Stinson, G. S., Cintio, A. D., Wadsley, J. W., Domínguez-Tenreiro, R., Gottlöber, S., & Yepes, G. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2335 · Cited by 60
“Indeed, this tight relation has been interpreted as being causal (Sanders & McGaugh 2002; McGaugh 2014), and therefore evidence for modified Newtonian dynamics, MOND (Milgrom 1983).”
BackgroundThe distribution and morphologies of Fornax Cluster dwarf galaxies suggest they lack dark matter
Asencio, E., Banik, I., Mieske, S., Venhola, A., Kroupa, P., & Zhao, H. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1765 · Cited by 60
Chae, K. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace101 · Cited by 62
“The standard Newton-Einstein theory satisfies the strong equivalence principle (Will 2014) and does not permit any external field effect (Milgrom 1983a) in internal dynamics of a self-gravitating system falling freely under a uniform external field.”
MethodVikhlinin, A. A., Kravtsov, A. V., Markevich, M., Sunyaev, R., & Churazov, E. (2014) · Physics-Uspekhi · doi:10.3367/ufne.0184.201404a.0339 · Cited by 61
GALACTIC DYNAMICS VIA GENERAL RELATIVITY: A COMPILATION AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS
Cooperstock, F. I., & TIEU, S. (2007) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x0703666x · Cited by 60
Vertical dynamics of disc galaxies in modified Newtonian dynamics
Nipoti, C., Londrillo, P., Zhao, H., & Ciotti, L. (2007) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11835.x · Cited by 62
COMPARING THE DARK MATTER HALOS OF SPIRAL, LOW SURFACE BRIGHTNESS, AND DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES
Walker, M. G., McGaugh, S., Mateo, M. L., et al. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/717/2/l87 · Cited by 60
TESTING YUKAWA-LIKE POTENTIALS FROMf(R)-GRAVITY IN ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES
Napolitano, N. R., Capozziello, S., Romanowsky, A. J., Capaccioli, M., & Tortora, C. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/748/2/87 · Cited by 66
“The most popular theory investigated so far, the Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) proposed by Milgrom (1983), is based on phenomenological modifications of Newton dynamics in order to explain the flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies, and passed a number of observational tests (Ferreira &…”
MethodStar formation triggered by galaxy interactions in modified gravity
Renaud, F., Famaey, B., & Kroupa, P. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2331 · Cited by 58
“This paradigm is known as Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), or Milgromian Dynamics, suggested more than 30 years ago by Milgrom (1983).”
BackgroundAngus, G. W., & Diaferio, A. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19321.x · Cited by 59
“Cosmological simulations and other calculations of the formation of large scale structure in the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) of Milgrom (1983) have a substantial literature,despite the absence of an agreed upon cosmological model.”
BackgroundScalar fields as dark matter in spiral galaxies: comparison with experiments
Guzmán, F. S., Matos, T., & Villegas, H. B. (1999) · Astronomische Nachrichten · doi:10.1002/1521-3994(199907)320:3 · Cited by 59
Recovering MOND from extended metric theories of gravity
Bernal, T., Capozzıello, S., Hidalgo, J. C., et al. (2011) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-011-1794-z · Cited by 59
“Milgrom [1, 2] developed a non-relativistic theory of gravity in order to explain observed flat rotation curves of spiral galaxies.”
BackgroundA Magellanic origin for the warp of the Galaxy
Weinberg, M., & Blitz, L. (2006) · ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) · Cited by 59
Loss of Mass and Stability of Galaxies in Modified Newtonian Dynamics
Wu, X., Zhao, H., Famaey, B., et al. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/521103 · Cited by 59
Indefinitely Flat Circular Velocities and the Baryonic Tully–Fisher Relation from Weak Lensing
Mistele, T., McGaugh, S., Lelli, F., Schombert, J. M., & Li, P. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad54b0 · Cited by 62
“On the other hand, a universal BTFR and inde fi nitely fl at rotation curves for isolated galaxies were predicted by modi fi ed Newtonian dynamics ( MOND; Milgrom 1983a, 1983b, 1983c ) .”
MethodTesting MOND over a Wide Acceleration Range in X-Ray Ellipticals
Milgrom, M. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.131101 · Cited by 58
Self-citationDark matter as a Bose-Einstein Condensate: the relativistic non-minimally coupled case
Bettoni, D., Colombo, M., & Liberati, S. (2014) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2014/02/004 · Cited by 58
“Among the competing theories stands the well known MOND paradigm [14] along with its relativistic extensions, notably TeVeS theories [15].”
BackgroundPenny, S. J., Conselice, C. J., Rijcke, S. D., et al. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14269.x · Cited by 58
On the corpuscular theory of gravity
Giusti, A. (2019) · International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics · doi:10.1142/s0219887819300010 · Cited by 62
Testing modified gravity with wide binaries in Gaia DR2
Pittordis, C., & Sutherland, W. J. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1898 · Cited by 61
“This theory was first proposed by Milgrom (1983) to explain the flat rotation curves observed in most spiral galaxies without requiring DM.”
BackgroundChang, Z., & Li, X. (2009) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2009.05.001 · Cited by 58
Dark Matter, a Challenge for Particle Astrophysics
Sadoulet, B. (1995) · NATO ASI series. Series B : Physics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1082-0_11 · Cited by 58
Dark matter via massive bigravity
Luc Blanchet, A., & Heisenberg, L. (2015) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.91.103518 · Cited by 61
MOND-like fractional Laplacian theory
Giusti, A. (2020) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.101.124029 · Cited by 58
Astrophysical tests of dark matter self-interactions
Adhikari, S., Banerjee, A., Boddy, K. K., Cyr-Racine, F.-Y., Desmond, H., Dvorkin, C., Jain, B., Kahlhoefer, F., Kaplinghat, M., Nierenberg, A., et al. (2025) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/m2vm-59y3 · Cited by 156
Superradiance in rotating stars and pulsar-timing constraints on dark photons
Cardoso, V., Pani, P., & Yu, T. (2017) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.95.124056 · Cited by 57
H i Kinematics and Mass Distribution of Messier 33
Kam, S. Z., Claude Carignan, A., Chemin, L., Foster, T., Elson, E., & Jarrett, T. H. (2017) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa79f3 · Cited by 57
“The other pillar inherent to such modeling is to get the Hi rotation curve to cover as far as possible the outer disk, in order to obtain accurate fits of the dark matter (DM) distribution, or of alternate gravity models such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND, Milgrom 1983a,b).”
MethodInfluentialGalactic dark matter as a bulk effect on the brane
Böhmer, C. G., & Harko, T. (2007) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/24/13/004 · Cited by 57
The cosmological constant as an eigenvalue of f ( R )-gravity Hamiltonian constraint
Capozzıello, S., & Garattini, R. (2007) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/24/6/016 · Cited by 57
The collision velocity of the bullet cluster in conventional and modified dynamics
Angus, G. W., & McGaugh, S. (2007) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12403.x · Cited by 76
Strong constraints on the gravitational law from Gaia DR3 wide binaries
Banik, I., Pittordis, C., Sutherland, W. J., Famaey, B., Ibata, R., Mieske, S., & Zhao, H. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3393 · Cited by 57
Systematic variations of central mass density slopes in early-type galaxies
Tortora, C., Barbera, F. L., Napolitano, N. R., et al. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1616 · Cited by 56
“…in galaxies (e.g. Zhao 1997; Tortora et al. 2007; Cardone et al. 2009), as well as alternative theories with modified gravity, like MOND (Milgrom 1983b,a; Cardone et al. 2011a; Tortora et al. 2014) and modifications of the Einstein theory (e.g. f(R), Lubini et al. 2011; Napolitano et…”
BackgroundModified scalar-tensor-vector gravity theory and the constraint on its parameters
Deng, X.-M., Xie, Y., & Huang, T.-Y. (2009) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.79.044014 · Cited by 59
Müller, O., Marleau, F. R., Duc, P., Habas, R. A., Fensch, J., Emsellem, É., Poulain, M., Lim, S., Agnello, A., Durrell, P. R., et al. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038351 · Cited by 56
“In MONDlike theories, the baryons mimic the behavior of dark matter, so an absence of a phantom dark matter halo3 would be inconsistent with the theory.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMOND and the Mass Discrepancies in Tidal Dwarf Galaxies
Milgrom, M. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/522049 · Cited by 55
Self-citationDark matter and non-newtonian gravity from general relativity coupled to a fluid of strings
Soleng, H. H. (1995) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/bf02107935 · Cited by 53
Testing Newtonian gravity with distant globular clusters: NGC 1851 and NGC 1904
Scarpa, R., Marconi, G., Carraro, G., et al. (2010) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014462 · Cited by 55
Dissipationless Collapses in Modified Newtonian Dynamics
Nipoti, C., Londrillo, P., & Ciotti, L. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/512771 · Cited by 55
A light scalar field at the origin of galaxy rotation curves
Julien Lesgourgues, A., Arbey, A., & Salati, P. (2002) · New Astronomy Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1387-6473(02)00247-6 · Cited by 54
Perseus I and the NGC 3109 association in the context of the Local Group dwarf galaxy structures
Pawlowski, M. S., & McGaugh, S. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu321 · Cited by 55
“In addition, we predict the velocity dispersion of Perseus I and two other non-satellite dSphs as expected in Modified New- c© 2014 RAS tonian Dynamics (MOND, Milgrom 1983; Famaey & McGaugh 2012).”
MethodClustering of galaxies with f(R) gravity
Capozzıello, S., Faizal, M., Hameeda, M., Pourhassan, B., Salzano, V., & Upadhyay, S. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2945 · Cited by 54
“An empirically motivated modification of Newtonian dynamics, so-called MOND, has been proposed at low accelerations (Milgrom 1983), which had explained successfully a number of observational properties of galaxies (Sanders et al. 2002).”
BackgroundTidal disruption of dwarf spheroidal galaxies: the strange case of Crater II
Sanders, J. L., Evans, N. W., & Dehnen, W. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1278 · Cited by 54
“…σlos ≈ 2 km s−1, McGaugh 2016) in which a low velocity dispersion (anticipated for low luminosity dwarfs) is further suppressed by the external field effect from the Galaxy (expected when the internal acceleration is significantly smaller than the external, Milgrom 1983; McGaugh & Milgrom 2013).”
BackgroundPrieur, J. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-75273-5_11 · Cited by 55
Internal Kinematics of the Andromeda II Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Côté, P., Mateo, M. L., Olszewski, E. W., et al. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/307999 · Cited by 55
Structure and dynamics of elliptical galaxies
Bertin, G., & Stiavelli, M. (1993) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/56/4/001 · Cited by 55
The Vainshtein mechanism in the Decoupling Limit of massive gravityPreprint
Babichev, E., Deffayet, C., & Ziour, R. (2009) · Cited by 54
Alba, D., & Lusanna, L. (2007) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-007-0507-2 · Cited by 54
The Road to Precision Cosmology
Turner, M. S. (2022) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-041046 · Cited by 58
Relativistic MOND as an alternative to the dark matter paradigm
Bekenstein, J. D. (2009) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.122 · Cited by 54
Halo ellipticity of GAMA galaxy groups from KiDS weak lensing
van Uitert, E., Hoekstra, H., Joachimi, B., Schneider, P., Bland‐Hawthorn, J., Choi, A., Erben, T., Heymans, C., Hildebrandt, H., Hopkins, A., et al. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx344 · Cited by 50
“…Hellwing et al. 2013, who studied the impact of a so- c© 2016 The Authors called ‘fifth force’), whilst others such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND; Milgrom 1983) generally predict a more axi-symmetric gravitational potential at larger distances from the galaxy where there are no baryons.”
BackgroundStellar streams as gravitational experiments
Thomas, G. F., Famaey, B., Ibata, R., Renaud, F., Martin, N. F., & Kroupa, P. (2017) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731609 · Cited by 55
“Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND, Milgrom 1983) postulates that for gravitational accelerations below a0 ≈ 10−10 m s−2 the actual gravitational attraction approaches (gNa0)1/2 where gN is the usual Newtonian gravitational field generated by baryons.”
BackgroundEmergence of a dark force in corpuscular gravity
Cadoni, M., Roberto Casadio, A., Giusti, A., & Tuveri, M. (2018) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.97.044047 · Cited by 53
“In this section, we present a heuristic derivation of the MOND acceleration (1.2), which uses the Hamiltonian constraint (4.8) and the competition between the holographic and extensive regimes described in Sec.”
MethodInfluentialPhase coupling gravitation: Symmetries and gauge fields
Bekenstein, J. D. (1988) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(88)91851-5 · Cited by 54
Kroupa, P., Jeřábková, T., Thies, I., Pflamm-Altenburg, J., Famaey, B., Boffin, H. M. J., Dabringhausen, J., Beccari, G., Prusti, T., Boily, C. M., et al. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2563 · Cited by 53
Measuring gravity with milligram levitated masses
Fuchs, T. M., Uitenbroek, D. G., Plugge, J., van Halteren, N., van Soest, J.-P., Vinante, A., Ulbricht, H., & Oosterkamp, T. H. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adk2949 · Cited by 69
“Furthermore it provides a promising platform to test for possible deviations from inverse square force laws and fifth force models (37, 38), theories of modified Newtonian dynamics (39, 40) and other extensions of the standard model (41).”
BackgroundRAyMOND: an N-body and hydrodynamics code for MOND
Candlish, G., Smith, R., & Fellhauer, M. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2158 · Cited by 53
“One wellknown exploration of the latter possibility, however, is the MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) first proposed by Milgrom (1983), in which the standard Newtonian gravitational force is enhanced once the accelerations drop below an empirically determined value ofa0 ∼ 1.2 × 10−10 m/s2.”
BackgroundInfluentialPrecision cluster mass determination from weak lensing
Mandelbaum, R., Seljak, U., Baldauf, T., & Smith, R. C. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16619.x · Cited by 52
Gravitational collapse of Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter halos
Harko, T. (2014) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.89.084040 · Cited by 53
Asymptotically flat, parametrized black hole metric preserving Kerr symmetries
Carson, Z., & Yagi, K. (2020) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.101.084030 · Cited by 60
MOND plus classical neutrinos are not enough for cluster lensing
Natarajan, P., & Zhao, H. (2008) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13552.x · Cited by 52
Jordi, K., Grebel, E. K., Hilker, M., et al. (2012) · Cited by 53
Another path for the emergence of modified galactic dynamics from dark matter superfluidity
Khoury, J. (2016) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.93.103533 · Cited by 52
Chae, K., Desmond, H., Lelli, F., McGaugh, S., & Schombert, J. M. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1bba · Cited by 2
“This strong equivalence principle (SEP) is generally violated by Milgromian dynamics (MOND; Milgrom 1983), which alters Newton’s laws at low accelerations to explain the dynamics of galaxies without resorting to dark matter (DM).”
BackgroundMethod
Metadata
- Authors
- Milgrom, M.
- Corresponding author
- Milgrom, M.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 1983-07
- Volume
- 270
- Pages
- 365
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W1990148897
- Cited by
- 3,316
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 147 · 2025: 181 · 2024: 191 · 2023: 187 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 200 · 2020: 191 · 2019: 165 · 2018: 189 · 2017: 149 · 2016: 146 · 2015: 138 · 2014: 135 · 2013: 122 · 2012: 122
- FWCI
- 6.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- MOND, dark matter, galaxy rotation curves, hidden mass, galaxy dynamics, modified gravity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
