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The "Cooling-Out" Function in Higher Education
Abstract
The wide gap found in many democratic institutions between culturally encouraged aspiration and institutionally provided means of achievement leads to the failure of many participants. Such a situation exists in American higher education. Certain social units ameliorate the consequent stress by redefining failure and providing for a "soft" denial; they perform a "coolign-out" function. The junior college especially plays this role. The cooling-out process observed in one college includes features likely to be found in other settings: substitute achievement, gradual disengagement, denial, consolation, and avoidance of standards.
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Citations
Cited by
Dropout from Higher Education: A Theoretical Synthesis of Recent Research
Tinto, V. (1975) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170024 · Cited by 7,888
A Conceptual Model of Nontraditional Undergraduate Student Attrition
Bean, J. P., & Metzner, B. S. (1985) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543055004485 · Cited by 2,017
Equal but Separate? A Cross-National Study of Sex Segregation in Higher Education
Charles, M., & Bradley, K. (2002) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/3088946 · Cited by 491
Rosenbaum, J. E., Kariya, T., Settersten, R., & Maier, T. (1990) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.so.16.080190.001403 · Cited by 201
Latino Access to Community Colleges and Hispanic-Serving Institutions: A National Study
Núñez, A.-M., Johnelle Sparks, P., & Hernández, E. A. (2011) · Journal of Hispanic Higher Education · doi:10.1177/1538192710391801 · Cited by 133
Attrition and performance of community college transfers
Aulck, L., & West, J. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174683 · Cited by 40
Ngo, F., & Melguizo, T. (2021) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2020.1811570 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Clark, B. R.
- Venue
- American Journal of Sociology
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1960-05
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 569-576
- ISSN
- 0002-9602 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5390
- OpenAlex
- W2033350852
- Cited by
- 851
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 9.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
