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ROSAT Survey Diffuse X‐Ray Background Maps. II.
Open accessAbstract
This paper presents new maps of the soft X-ray background from the ROSAT all-sky survey. These maps represent a significant improvement over the previous version in that (1) the position resolution of the PSPC has been used to improve the angular resolution from ~2° to 12', (2) there are six energy bands that divide each of the previous three into two parts, and (3) the contributions of point sources have been removed to a uniform source flux level over most of the sky. These new maps will be available in electronic format later in 1997. In this paper we also consider the bright emission in the general direction of the Galactic center in the 0.5-2.0 keV band, and the apparent absorption trough that runs through it along the Galactic plane. We find that while the northern hemisphere data are confused by emission from Loop I, the emission seen south of the plane is consistent with a bulge of hot gas surrounding the Galactic center (in our simple model, a cylinder with an exponential fall-off of density with height above the plane). The cylinder has a radial extent of ~5.6 kpc. The X-ray emitting gas has a scale height of 1.9 kpc, an in-plane electron density of ~0.0035 cm -3 , a temperature of ~10 6.6 K, a thermal pressure of ~28,000 cm -3 K, and a total luminosity of ~2 × 10 39 ergs s -1 using a collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) plasma emission model.
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“In the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that the Milky Way is such a system with a large-scale ( ≳ kpc) outflow where we can possibly have a multi-wavelength observation of the feedback process.”
From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Snowden et al. 1997
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic, and Integrated Properties
Bland-Hawthorn, J., & Gerhard, O. (2016) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023441 · Cited by 1,656
“…in absorption, and in high-resolution X-ray spectra (Paerels & Kahn 2003) of a nearly ubiquitous soft X-ray background with energies in the range of 0.1–1.0 keV (implying temperatures of ∼106−7 K), with some contribution of OVII and OVIII in emission (Snowden et al. 1997, Henley & Shelton 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialGIANT GAMMA-RAY BUBBLES FROM FERMI-LAT: ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS ACTIVITY OR BIPOLAR GALACTIC WIND?
Su, M., Slatyer, T., & Finkbeiner, D. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/724/2/1044 · Cited by 756
“…data up to ∼ 100GeV, with sufficient angular resolution to map out interesting structures.4 At lower energies, the ROSAT All-Sky Survey at 1.5 keV (Snowden et al. 1997) revealed a biconical X-ray structure over the inner tens of degrees around the Galactic center (GC), later interpreted as a…”
BackgroundInfluentialCHANDRASTUDIES OF THE X-RAY GAS PROPERTIES OF GALAXY GROUPS
Sun, M., Voit, G. M., Donahue, M. E., Jones, C. J., Forman, W., & Vikhlinin, A. A. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/693/2/1142 · Cited by 599
Highly Ionized High‐Velocity Gas in the Vicinity of the Galaxy
Sembach, K. R., Wakker, B. P., Savage, B. D., Richter, P., Meade, M., Shull, J. M., Jenkins, E. B., Sonneborn, G., & Moos, H. W. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/346231 · Cited by 479
“The soft X-ray data points are from the ROSAT all-sky survey (Snowden et al. 1997) and are R1+R2 band averages of the eight 120 pixels ( 1150 arcmin2 total) surrounding each sight line, ignoring the pixel directly along the sight line to avoid the X-ray emission from the background AGN or QSO being…”
MethodMultiphase galaxy formation: high-velocity clouds and the missing baryon problem
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Metadata
- Authors
- Snowden, S. L., Egger, R., Freyberg, M. J., McCammon, D., Plucinsky, P. P., Sanders, W. T., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Trumper, J., & Voges, W.
- Affiliations
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (DE)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 1997-08-10
- Volume
- 485
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 125-135
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W1982655690
- Cited by
- 602
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 10.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Universities Space Research Association
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Goddard Space Flight Center
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Keywords
- soft X-ray background, diffuse X-ray emission, ROSAT All-Sky Survey, Galactic Center, Loop I, Galactic bulge, hot gas, X-ray absorption, Galactic plane, collisional ionization equilibrium
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