The CFHT Open Star Cluster Survey. I. Cluster Selection and Data Reduction
Open accessAbstract
We present this paper in conjunction with a companion paper as the first results in the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Open Star Cluster Survey. This survey is a large BVR imaging data set of 19 open star clusters in our Galaxy. This data set was taken with the CFH12K mosaic CCD (42' × 28'), and the majority of the clusters were imaged under excellent photometric, subarcsecond seeing, conditions. The combination of multiple exposures extending to deep ( V ∼ 25) magnitudes with short (≤10 s) frames allows for studies ranging from faint white dwarf stars to bright turnoff, variable, and red giant stars. The primary aim of this survey is to catalog the white dwarf stars in these clusters and establish observational constraints on the initial-final mass relationship for these stars and the upper mass limit to white dwarf production. Additionally, we hope to better determine the properties of the clusters, such as age and distance, and also test evolution and dynamical theories by analyzing luminosity and mass functions. In order to more easily incorporate these data in further studies, we have produced a catalog of positions, magnitudes, colors, and stellarity confidence for all stars in each cluster of the survey. This reduction, along with the computed calibration parameters for all three nights of the observing run will encourage others to use these data in different astrophysical studies outside of our goals. Additionally, the data set is reduced using the new TERAPIX photometric reduction package, PSFex, which is found to compare well with other packages. This paper is intended both as a source for the astronomical community to obtain information on the clusters in the survey and as a detailed reference of reduction procedures for further publications of individual clusters. We discuss the methods employed to reduce the data and compute the photometric catalog. We reserve both the scientific results for each individual cluster and global results from the study of the entire survey for future publications. The first of these further publications is devoted to the old rich open star cluster, NGC 6819, and appears as a companion paper in the same issue of the Journal.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
No systematic survey of stellar populations in southern hemisphere clusters has been performed to date.
“To date, no systematic survey of the stellar populations of southern hemisphere clusters has been performed”
From LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products (2019) · cites this paper as Kalirai et al. 2001
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
SExtractor: Software for source extraction
Bertin, É., & Arnouts, S. (1996) · Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series · doi:10.1051/aas:1996164 · Cited by 8,937 · see citing works
Self-citationUBVRI photometric standard stars in the magnitude range 11.5-16.0 around the celestial equator
Landolt, A. U. (1992) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/116242 · Cited by 4,184 · see citing works
The CFHT Open Star Cluster Survey. II. Deep CCD Photometry of the Old Open Star Cluster NGC 6819
Kalirai, J. S., Richer, H. B., Fahlman, G. G., Cuillandre, J., Ventura, P., D’Antona, F., Bertin, E., Marconi, G., & Durrell, P. R. (2001) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/321141 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationUBVICCD photometry of M35 (NGC 2168)
Sung, H., & Bessell, M. S. (1999) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02522.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Rosvick, J. M., & VandenBerg, D. A. (1998) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300304 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Photoelectric photometry - an approach to data reduction
Harris, W. E., Fitzgerald, M. P., & Reed, B. C. (1981) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/130868 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Isochrones and Luminosity Functions for Old White Dwarfs
Richer, H. B., Hansen, B. M. S., Limongi, M., Chieffi, A., Oscar Straniero, D., & Fahlman, G. G. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/308275 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationMembership of Stars in NGC 1039 (M34)
Jones, B. F., & Prosser, C. F. (1996) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/117865 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Membership and lithium abundances of late-type stars in NGC 6633
Jeffries, R. D. (1997) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/292.1.177 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Galactic clusters with associated Cepheid variables. III - NGC 1647 and SZ Tauri
Turner, D. G. (1992) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/116363 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Membership in the Galactic open cluster NGC 1039 (M34)
Ianna, P. A., & Schlemmer, D. M. (1993) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/116420 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Determination of proper motions and membership of the open clusters NGC 1750 and NGC 1758
Tian, K., Zhao, J. L., Shao, Z., & Stetson, P. B. (1998) · Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series · doi:10.1051/aas:1998253 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Prosser, C. F. (1993) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/116522 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Photometric study of the open cluster NGC 2232
Clària, J., Piatti, A. E., & Lapasset, E. (1973) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/aas:1998130/pdf · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Photometric observations of the star cluster NGC 6819.
Burkhead, M. S. (1971) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/111113 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Memberships and CM diagrams of young open clusters. I - NGC 225
Lattanzi, M. G., Massone, G., & Munari, U. (1991) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/115865 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A radial velocity survey of the open cluster IC 4665
Prosser, C. F., & Giampapa, M. S. (1994) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/117125 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hogg, A. R., & Kron, G. E. (1955) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/107239 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A spectroscopic and photometric investigation of NGC 7243.
Hill, G. M., & Barnes, J. V. (1971) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/111094 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Photographic Photometry of the Galactic Cluster M37
West, F. R. (1967) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/190159 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
IC 4665, a Cluster of Binaries
Abt, H. A., Bolton, C. T., & Levy, S. G. (1972) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/151278 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A photometric and spectroscopic study of the open cluster NGC 2169.
Perry, C. L., Lee, P. D., & Barnes, J. V. (1978) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/130281 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
CFH12K: Optimizing 12 MIT/LL CCID20 CCDs for a Direct Imaging Application
Cuillandre, J., Starr, B. M., Isani, S., & Luppino, G. A. (2001) · Experimental Astronomy · doi:10.1023/a:1013110613800 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationUBV and Hbeta photometry of the galactic cluster NGC 2343
Clària, J. (1972) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/111360 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Proper motions of stars in the open cluster M 37.
Upgren, A. R. (1966) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/110180 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
UBV(RI)c observations of Johnson's standard sequence in IC 4665
Menzies, J. W., & Marang, F. (1996) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/282.2.313 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Photometry of the galactic cluster NGC 2169
Sagar, R. (1976) · Astrophysics and Space Science · doi:10.1007/bf00640455 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Membership in the open cluster NGC 2301
Marie, M. (1992) · Astrophysics and Space Science · doi:10.1007/bf00644306 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
CCD photometry and proper motions of late–type stars in the young open cluster Stock 2
Foster, D. C., Theissen, A., Butler, C. J., Rolleston, W. R. J., Byrne, P. B., & Hawley, S. L. (2000) · Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series · doi:10.1051/aas:2000187 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Galactic Cluster NGC 2169.
Cuffey, J., & McCuskey, S. W. (1956) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/146130 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Astrometry and Photometry of Open Clusters: NGC 1746, NGC 1750 and NGC 1758
Galadí-Enríquez, D., Jordi, C., & Trullols, E. (1998) · Astrophysics and Space Science · doi:10.1023/a:1002118814371 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
UBV photoelectric photometry of faint stars in the clusters NGC 7235 and NGC 1778
García-Pelayo, J. M., & Alfaro, E. J. (1984) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/131363 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Stetson, P. B. 1992, in IAU Coll. 136, Stellar PhotometryÈCurrent Tech- niques and Future Developments, ed. C. J. Butler & I. Elliot (Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press), 291
Cited by
Sorted by citations
LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
Ivezić, Ž., Kahn, S. M., Tyson, J. A., Abel, B., Acosta, E., Allsman, R., Alonso, D., AlSayyad, Y., Anderson, S. F., Andrew, J., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c · Cited by 4,357 · see citing works
The Initial‐Final Mass Relation: Direct Constraints at the Low‐Mass End
Kalirai, J. S., Hansen, B. M. S., Kelson, D. D., Reitzel, D. B., Rich, R. M., & Richer, H. B. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/527028 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Evolutionary Status of Be Stars: Results from a Photometric Study of Southern Open Clusters
Mcswain, M. V., & Gies, D. R. (2005) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/432757 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Kalirai, J. S., Bergeron, P., Hansen, B. M. S., Kelson, D. D., Reitzel, D. B., Rich, R. M., & Richer, H. B. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/521922 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Bologna Open Cluster Chemical Evolution Project: Midterm Results from the Photometric Sample
Bragaglia, A., & Tosi, M. (2006) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/499537 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Kalirai, J. S., Fahlman, G. G., Richer, H. B., & Ventura, P. (2003) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/377320 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationThe CFHT Open Star Cluster Survey. II. Deep CCD Photometry of the Old Open Star Cluster NGC 6819
Kalirai, J. S., Richer, H. B., Fahlman, G. G., Cuillandre, J., Ventura, P., D’Antona, F., Bertin, E., Marconi, G., & Durrell, P. R. (2001) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/321141 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationKalirai, J. S., Ventura, P., Richer, H. B., Fahlman, G. G., Durrell, P. R., D'Antona, F. A., & Marconi, G. (2001) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/324463 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationDeep Wide-FieldBVICCD Photometry of the Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Lee, M. G., Park, H. S., Park, J.-H., Sohn, Y., Oh, S., Yuk, I.-S., Rey, S., Lee, S., Lee, Y., Kim, H., et al. (2003) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/379171 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Kalirai, J. S., Guhathakurta, P., Gilbert, K. M., Reitzel, D. B., Majewski, S. R., Rich, R. M., & Cooper, M. C. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/498700 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Initial-Final Mass Relationship: Spectroscopy of White Dwarfs in NGC 2099 (M37)
Kalirai, J. S., Richer, H. B., Reitzel, D., Hansen, B. M. S., Rich, R. M., Fahlman, G. G., Gibson, B. K., & von Hippel, T. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/427774 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationGravitational Settling of22Ne in Liquid White Dwarf Interiors: Cooling and Seismological Effects
Deloye, C. J., & Bildsten, L. (2002) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/343800 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
SEJONG OPEN CLUSTER SURVEY (SOS). 0. TARGET SELECTION AND DATA ANALYSIS
Sung, H., Lim, B., Bessell, M. S., Kim, J. S., Hur, H., Chun, M.-Y., & Park, B.-G. (2013) · Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society · doi:10.5303/jkas.2013.46.3.103 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
White Dwarf Sequences in Dense Star Clusters
Hurley, J. R., & Shara, M. M. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/374637 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The CFHT Open Star Cluster Survey II – Deep CCD Photometry of the Old Open Star Cluster NGC 6819Preprint
Kalirai, J. S., Richer, H. B., Fahlman, G. G., Cuillandre, J., Ventura, P., Bertin, E., Marconi, G., Durrell, P. R., & Roma, O. A. D. (2001) · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationDeep and wide field imaging of the Coma cluster: the data
Adami, C., Picat, J. P., Savine, C., Mazure, A., West, M. J., Cuillandre, J., Pelló, R., Biviano, A., Conselice, C. J., Durret, F., et al. (2006) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053810 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationSEJONG OPEN CLUSTER SURVEY (SOS). 0. TARGET SELECTION AND DATA ANALYSISPreprint
Sung, H., Lim, B., Bessell, M. S., Kim, J. S., Hur, H., Chun, M., & Park, B.-G. (2013) · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Interpreting the colour–magnitude diagrams of open star clusters through numerical simulations
Kalirai, J. S., & Tosi, M. (2004) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07813.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationWIYN OPEN CLUSTER STUDY II: WIDE-FIELD CCD PHOTOMETRY OF THE OLD OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6819
Yang, S.-C., Sarajedini, A., Deliyannis, C. P., Sarrazine, A. R., Kim, S. C., & Kyeong, J. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/762/1/3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Wide-Field CCD Photometry of the Globular Cluster M92
Lee, K. H., Lee, H. M., Fahlman, G. G., & Lee, M. G. (2003) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/376738 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationPiskunov, A. E., Belikov, A. N., Kharchenko, N. V., Sagar, R., & Subramaniam, A. (2004) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07620.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A RE-EVALUATION OF THE EVOLVED STARS IN THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER M13
Sandquist, E. L., Gordon, M., Levine, D., & Bolte, M. (2010) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2374 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Star clusters as laboratories for stellar and dynamical evolution
Kalirai, J. S., & Richer, H. B. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2009.0257 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring the lower mass function in the young open cluster IC 4665
de Wit, W. J., Bouvier, J., Palla, F., Cuillandre, J., James, D. J., Kendall, T. R., Lodieu, N., McCaughrean, M. J., Moraux, E., Randich, S., et al. (2006) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054102 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationA Photometric and Spectroscopic Search for White Dwarfs in the Open Clusters NGC 6633 and NGC 7063
Williams, K. A., & Bolte, M. (2007) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/511675 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sohn, Y.-J., Park, J. H., Rey, S., Lee, Y., Kim, H. I., Oh, S., Lee, S.-G., Lee, M. G., & Han, W. (2003) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/375907 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Piskunov, A. E., Belikov, A. N., Kharchenko, N. V., Sagar, R., & Subramanian, A. (2004) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Lin, D. N. C., & Murray, S. D. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/515387 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Wide field CCD photometry of the globular cluster M92
Lee, K. H., Lee, H. M., Fahlman, G. G., & Lee, M. G. (2002) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationMass Segregation and Tidal Tails of the Globular Cluster NGC 7492
Lee, K. H., Lee, H. M., Fahlman, G. G., & Sung, H. (2004) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/425547 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationMajaess, D., Turner, D. G., & Lane, D. J. (2008) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13834.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
WIYN Open Cluster Study. VIII. The Geometry and Stability of the NOAO CCD Mosaic Imager
Platais, I., Kozhurina-Platais, V., Girard, T. M., van Altena, W. F., Klemola, A. R., Stauffer, J. R., Armandroff, T. E., Mighell, K. J., Dell’Antonio, I., Falco, E. E., et al. (2002) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/340953 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Williams, K. A., Canton, P. A., Bellini, A., Bolte, M., Rubin, K. H. R., Gianninas, A., & Kilic, M. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad90b · Cited by 21 · see citing works
AN UNEXPECTED DISCOVERY IN THE RICH OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6819 USINGXMM-NEWTON
Gosnell, N. M., Pooley, D. A., Geller, A. M., Kalirai, J., Mathieu, R. D., Frinchaboy, P. M., & Ramirez-Ruiz, E. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/745/1/57 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Impact of Unresolved Binaries on Searches for White Dwarfs in Open Clusters
Williams, K. A. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/380754 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
An Unexpected Discovery In The Rich Open Cluster NGC 6819 Using XMM-Newton
Ramirez-Ruiz, E. (2016) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · doi:10.15781/t20515 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Variable stars in the field of open cluster NGC 6819
Street, R. A., Horne, K., Lister, T. A., Penny, A. J., Tsapras, Y., Quirrenbach, A., Safizadeh, N., Cooke, J., Mitchell, D., & Cameron, A. C. (2002) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05125.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A Photometric and Spectroscopic Search for White Dwarfs in the Open Clusters NGC 6633 and NGC 7063
Williams, K. A., & Bolte, M. (2006) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tidal tails of nearby open clusters
Risbud, D., Jadhav, V. V., & Kroupa, P. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453302 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Griggio, M., Salaris, M., Nardiello, D., Bedin, L. R., Cassisi, S., & Anderson, J. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1843 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Disentangling the Galaxy at low Galactic latitudes
Cignoni, M., Tosi, M., Bragaglia, A., Kalirai, J. S., & Davis, D. S. (2008) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13194.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, D. N. C., & Murray, S. (2007) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Disentangling the Galaxy at low Galactic latitudesPreprint
Cignoni, M., Tosi, M., Bragaglia, A., Kalirai, J., & Davis, D. S. (2013) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the nature of five open cluster candidates projected close to the Galactic centre
Piatti, A. E., & Clària, J. (2001) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011353 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Model-independent diagnostics of highly reddened Milky Way star clusters: age calibration
Beletsky, Y., B, G. C. A., & Ivanov, V. D. (2009) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912697 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The White Dwarf Initial–Final Mass Relation from Open Clusters in Gaia DR3
Miller, D. R., Caiazzo, I., Heyl, J., Richer, H. B., Hollands, M., Tremblay, P.-E., El-Badry, K., Rodriguez, A. C., & Vanderbosch, Z. P. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae18c8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite dwarfs as astrophysical probes
Kalirai, J. (2008) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921309031949 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationA new method to measure stellar mass-loss rates
Kalirai, J. S. (2009) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921309991189 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationIvezić, Ž. (2016) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.44697
Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Town Hall
Willman, B. (2016) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.44768
The Lsst Data Processing Software Stack
Jenness, T. (2016) · American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #227 · doi:10.5281/zenodo.44634
The Galactic System of Open Star Clusters: A Personal Perspective
Phelps, R. L. (2002) · Symposium - International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s0074180900223334
- Authors
- Kalirai, J. S., Richer, H. B., Fahlman, G. G., Cuillandre, J.-C., Ventura, P., D’Antona, F., Bertin, E., Marconi, G., & Durrell, P. R.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (US)
- Astronomical Observatory of Rome (IT)
- Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR)
- European Southern Observatory (DE)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- The Astronomical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 257-265
- ISSN
- 0004-6256 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055192946
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astronomical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Keywords
- open clusters, white dwarfs, initial-final mass relation, white dwarf mass limit, cluster selection, BVR photometry, photometric reduction, star catalogues, NGC 6819, cluster age and distance, luminosity function, mass function, stellar evolution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
