Mutations in the human orthologue of the mouse underwhite gene (uw) underlie a new form of oculocutaneous albinism, OCA4
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Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) affects approximately 1/20,000 people worldwide. All forms of OCA exhibit generalized hypopigmentation. Reduced pigmentation during eye development results in misrouting of the optic nerves, nystagmus, alternating strabismus, and reduced visual acuity. Loss of pigmentation in the skin leads to an increased risk for skin cancer. Two common forms and one infrequent form of OCA have been described. OCA1 (MIM 203100) is associated with mutations of the TYR gene encoding tyrosinase (the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of melanin pigment) and accounts for approximately 40% of OCA worldwide. OCA2 (MIM 203200), the most common form of OCA, is associated with mutations of the P gene and accounts for approximately 50% of OCA worldwide. OCA3 (MIM 203290), a rare form of OCA and also known as "rufous/red albinism," is associated with mutations in TYRP1 (encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1). Analysis of the TYR and P genes in patients with OCA suggests that other genes may be associated with OCA. We have identified the mouse underwhite gene (uw) and its human orthologue, which underlies a new form of human OCA, termed "OCA4." The encoded protein, MATP (for "membrane-associated transporter protein") is predicted to span the membrane 12 times and likely functions as a transporter.
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At the time of the study, mutations in TYR and SLC45A2 were known to be involved in OCA1 and OCA4, but their contribution to the normal range of skin pigmentation between and within populations was just beginning to be studied.
“At the time of this study, mutations in two of these genes, TYR and SLC45A2, were known to be involved in different forms of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1 [MIM 203100] and OCA4 [MIM 606574]), 49,50 yet their contribution to the normal range of skin pigmentation between and within populations was just beginning to be studied.”
From A Genomewide Association Study of Skin Pigmentation in a South Asian Population (2007) · cites this paper as [50]
SNPs within the MATP coding region specifying E272K and L374F, and polymorphisms within the promoter, are associated with normal variation in human skin coloration.
“Later, SNPs within the MATP coding region of the SLC45A2 gene specifying amino acids at position E272K (rs26722) and L374F (rs16891982), and also polymorphisms within the promoter, were shown to be associated with normal variation in human skin coloration”
From Analysis of Cultured Human Melanocytes Based on Polymorphisms within the SLC45A2/MATP, SLC24A5/NCKX5, and OCA2/P Loci (2009) · cites this paper as Newton et al., 2001
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- Authors
- Newton, J. M., Cohen-Barak, O., Hagiwara, N., Gardner, J. M., Davisson, M. T., King, R. A., & Brilliant, M. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Jackson Laboratory (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brilliant, Murray H.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Human Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-11
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 981-988
- ISSN
- 0002-9297 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1274374
- OpenAlex
- W2023560082
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 4.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The American Journal of Human Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR4596)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and rare skin diseases.
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- oculocutaneous albinism, human orthologs, MatP, membrane transporters, hypopigmentation, melanin, tyrosinase, P gene, TRP-1, genetic mutations, skin cancer risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alleles, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antigens, Neoplasm, Child, Preschool, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5, Cloning, Molecular, DNA Mutational Analysis, Exons, Eye, Homozygote, Humans, Male, Membrane Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Pigmentation, Protein Conformation, Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Sequence Alignment, Conserved Sequence, Physical Chromosome Mapping, Membrane Transport Proteins, Symporters, Mice
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