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Cited by 395Political Conflict and GovernancePolitics and Society in Latin AmericaLatin American socio-political dynamics

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Opportunity Organizations and Threat‐Induced Contention: Protest Waves in Authoritarian Settings

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Almeida, Paul D.·2003·American Journal of Sociology
DOI 10.1086/378395
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Abstract

The article combines two strands of political process theory (opportunity and threat) in a changing authoritarian context. Through the use of protest event, archival, and secondary sources on El Salvador between 1962 and 1981, the study examines the outbreak and forms of two protest waves that are generated by the temporal sequencing of political opportunity and threat environments. The specific opportunities of institutional access and competitive elections motivate regime challengers to form durable civic organizations. This newly available organizational infrastructure can be used to sustain reformist contention in the near term as well as be radicalized to launch more disruptive and violent protest campaigns when opportunities recede and the political environment transitions to one characterized by mounting threats (state‐attributed economic problems, erosion of rights, and state repression).

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Metadata

Authors
Almeida, P. D.
Affiliations
Texas A&M University (US)
Corresponding author
Almeida, Paul D.
ORCID
Almeida, Paul D.
Venue
American Journal of Sociology
Publisher
University of Chicago Press
Published
2003-09
Volume
109
Issue
2
Pages
345-400
ISSN
  • 0002-9602 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-5390
DOI
10.1086/378395
OpenAlex
W2122614432
Cited by
395
References
125
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
FWCI
11.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Sociology (publishedVersion)
  • OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Politics and Society in Latin America
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Latin American socio-political dynamics
Keywords
political opportunity structure, threat environment, protest waves, authoritarian regimes, civic organizations, regime change, electoral competition, institutional access, state repression, El Salvador, political process theory

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