The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Reputational Penalties for Environmental Violations: Empirical Evidence
Open accessAbstract
This paper examines the sizes of the fines, damage awards, remediation costs, and market value losses imposed on companies that violate environmental regulations. Firms that violate environmental laws suffer statistically significant losses in the market value of firm equity. The losses, however, are of similar magnitudes to the legal penalties imposed, and in the cross section, the market value loss is related to the size of the legal penalty. Thus, environmental violations are disciplined largely through legal and regulatory penalties, not through reputational penalties.
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Cites
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The Role of Market Forces in Assuring Contractual Performance
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Metadata
- Authors
- Karpoff, J. M., Lott, Jr., & Wehrly, E. W.
- Venue
- The Journal of Law and Economics
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 653-675
- ISSN
- 0022-2186 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5285
- OpenAlex
- W2119104230
- Cited by
- 777
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 34.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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