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Variabilities of Gamma‐Ray Burst Afterglows: Long‐acting Engine, Anisotropic Jet, or Many Fluctuating Regions?
Open accessAbstract
We show that simple kinematic arguments can give limits on the timescale and amplitude of variabilities in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, especially when the variability timescale is shorter than the observed time since the burst, Δ t < t . These limits help us to identify the sources of afterglow variability. The afterglows of GRB 011211 and GRB 021004 marginally violate these limits. If such violation is confirmed by the Swift satellite, a possible explanation is that (1) the compact objects that power GRB jets continue to eject an intermittent outflow for a very long timescale (≳1 day), (2) the GRB jet from the central engine has a temporal anisotropy with a large brightness contrast ≳10 and small angular structure ≲10 -2 , or (3) many (≳10 3 ) regions fluctuate simultaneously in the emitting site.
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Cited by
Zhang, B., Fan, Y. Z., Dyks, J., Kobayashi, S., Meszaros, P., Burrows, D. N., Nousek, J. A., & Gehrels, N. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/500723 · Cited by 1,079
“However, in such a case it is very hard to achieve a large contrast between the flares and the underlying afterglow level (Ioka et al. 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe physics of gamma-ray bursts & relativistic jets
Kumar, P., & Zhang, B. (2015) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2014.09.008 · Cited by 952
Self-citationA complete reference of the analytical synchrotron external shock models of gamma-ray bursts
Gao, H., Lei, W.-H., Zou, Y.-C., Wu, X.-F., & Zhang, B. (2013) · New Astronomy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.newar.2013.10.001 · Cited by 262
Self-citationChincarini, G., Moretti, A., Romano, P., Falcone, A. D., Morris, D., Racusin, J., Campana, S., Covino, S., Guidorzi, C., Tagliaferri, G., et al. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/521591 · Cited by 254
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ioka, K., Kobayashi, S., & Zhang, B.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2005-09-20
- Volume
- 631
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 429-434
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2149514846
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 9.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Ioka, K., Kobayashi, S., & Zhang, B. (2005). Variabilities of Gamma‐Ray Burst Afterglows: Long‐acting Engine, Anisotropic Jet, or Many Fluctuating Regions? The Astrophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1086/432567
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