The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Prior H1N1 Influenza Infection and Susceptibility of Cleveland Family Study Participants during the H2N2 Pandemic of 1957: An Experiment of Nature
Abstract
During a pandemic, influenza vaccines that rely on neutralizing antibodies to protect against matched viruses might not be available early enough. Much broader (heterosubtypic) immune protection is seen in animals. Do humans also have cross-subtype immunity? To investigate this issue, archival records from the Cleveland Family Study, which was conducted before and during the 1957 pandemic (during which a shift from subtype H1N1 to H2N2 occurred), were analyzed. Only 5.6% of the adults who had had symptomatic influenza A in earlier study years developed influenza during the pandemic, despite living in households with participants who had influenza. In contrast, 55.2% of the children who had had symptomatic influenza A contracted it again. These findings suggest an impact of accumulated heterosubtypic immunity during a pandemic. Such immunity, as well as its implications for vaccination, should be further investigated.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Welliver, R. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.6.748 · Cited by 463
Hurwitz, E. S. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.13.1677 · Cited by 313
Tumpey, T. M., Renshaw, M., Clements, J. D., & Katz, J. M. (2001) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.75.11.5141-5150.2001 · Cited by 253
Schulman, J. L., & Kilbourne, E. D. (1965) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.89.1.170-174.1965 · Cited by 239
Protective CD4+and CD8+T Cells against Influenza Virus Induced by Vaccination with Nucleoprotein DNA
Ulmer, J. B., Fu, T.-M., Deck, R. R., Friedman, A., Guan, L., DeWitt, C., Liu, X., Wang, S., Liu, M. A., Donnelly, J. J., et al. (1998) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.72.7.5648-5653.1998 · Cited by 231
Seo, S. H., & Webster, R. G. (2001) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.75.6.2516-2525.2001 · Cited by 225
James, W. E. S., Badger, G. F., & Dingle, J. H. (1960) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196004072621401 · Cited by 216
Human memory CTL response specific for influenza A virus is broad and multispecific
Gianfrani, C., Oseroff, C., Sidney, J., Chesnut, R. W., & Sette, A. (2000) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0198-8859(00)00105-1 · Cited by 169
Mulder, J., & MASUREL, N. (1958) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(58)91738-0 · Cited by 152
Human CD8+ and CD4+ T Lymphocyte Memory to Influenza A Viruses of Swine and Avian Species
Jameson, J., Cruz, J., Terajima, M., & Ennis, F. A. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.12.7578 · Cited by 146
Cited by
Cellular immune correlates of protection against symptomatic pandemic influenza
Sridhar, S., Begom, S., Bermingham, A., Hoschler, K., Adamson, W., Carman, W., Bean, T., Barclay, W., Deeks, J. J., & Lalvani, A. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3350 · Cited by 862
Lee, L. Y.-H., Ha, D. L. A., Simmons, C., de Jong, M. D., Chau, N. V. V., Schumacher, R., Peng, Y. C., McMichael, A. J., Farrar, J. J., Smith, G. L., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci32460 · Cited by 422
Global Mortality Impact of the 1957–1959 Influenza Pandemic
Viboud, C., Simonsen, L., Fuentes, R., Flores, J., Miller, M. A., & Chowell, G. (2016) · Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv534 · Cited by 228
Zarnitsyna, V. I., Handel, A., McMaster, S. R., Hayward, S. L., Kohlmeier, J. E., & Antia, R. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00165 · Cited by 42
Metadata
- Authors
- Epstein, S. L.
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-01
- Volume
- 193
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-53
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- OpenAlex
- W2130961724
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 10.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Prior H1N1 Influenza Infection and Susceptibility of Cleveland Family Study Participants during the H2N2 Pandemic of 1957: An Experiment of Nature. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/498980
- The paper
- Epstein, S. L. (2006). Prior H1N1 Influenza Infection and Susceptibility of Cleveland Family Study Participants during the H2N2 Pandemic of 1957: An Experiment of Nature. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1086/498980
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
