The Relationship between Antimicrobial Resistance and Patient Outcomes: Mortality, Length of Hospital Stay, and Health Care Costs
Abstract
There is an association between the development of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and gram-negative bacilli and increases in mortality, morbidity, length of hospitalization, and cost of health care. For many patients, inadequate or delayed therapy and severe underlying disease are primarily responsible for the adverse outcomes of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant organisms. Patients with infections due to antimicrobial-resistant organisms have higher costs (approximately 6,000-30,000 dollars) than do patients with infections due to antimicrobial-susceptible organisms; the difference in cost is even greater when patients infected with antimicrobial-resistant organisms are compared with patients without infection. Strategies to prevent nosocomial emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms are essential.
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Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms carry an economic burden estimated at over 20 billion dollars per year in the US alone.
“Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are associated with increased mortality compared to those caused by susceptible bacteria and they carry an important economic burden, estimated at over 20 billion dollars per year in the US only (2,3,4).”
From Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance (2016) · cites this paper as [2]
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms are associated with increased mortality compared to those caused by susceptible bacteria.
“Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are associated with increased mortality compared to those caused by susceptible bacteria and they carry an important economic burden, estimated at over 20 billion dollars per year in the US only (2,3,4).”
From Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance (2016) · cites this paper as [2]
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“organisms compared to patient with no infection [5].”
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- Authors
- Cosgrove, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cosgrove, Sara E.
- ORCID
- Cosgrove, Sara E.
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-01-15
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- Supplement_2
- Pages
- S82-S89
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- OpenAlex
- W2099264750
- Cited by
- 1,271
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 96 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 87 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 38.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Keywords
- antimicrobial resistance, patient outcomes, mortality, length of hospital stay, health care costs, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Gram-negative bacilli, nosocomial infections, treatment failure
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Infections, Humans, Length of Stay, Treatment Outcome, Health Care Costs, Drug Resistance, Bacterial
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