Cited by 125Pneumonia and Respiratory InfectionsBacterial Infections and VaccinesMicrobial infections and disease research

Long‐Term Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Nasopharyngeal Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae —and Associated Interactions with Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae Colonization—in HIV‐Infected and HIV‐Uninfected Children

Madhi, Shabir A., Adrian, Peter, Kuwanda, Locadiah, Cutland, Clare, Albrich, Werner C., Klugman, Keith P.·2007·The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

After a primary series of 3 doses, it was found that a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine no longer reduces nasopharyngeal colonization by vaccine serotypes in children 5.3 years of age. In addition, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children (n=81) had a higher prevalence of colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (71.6% and 74.1%, respectively) than did HIV-uninfected children (n=271; 50.9% and 52.0%, respectively), suggesting that increased colonization may contribute to the greater burden of pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected children. Inverse associations between colonization by S. pneumoniae and colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and between colonization by S. aureus and colonization by H. influenzae were observed only in HIV-uninfected children, possibly as a result of suboptimal adaptive immunity after previous colonization in HIV-infected children.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/522164

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Pneumococcal vaccination reduces the risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia.

    “Pneumococcal vaccination has shown to ameliorate the risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia.”

    From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Madhi et al., 2007

  • In a vaccine efficacy study, among individuals with influenza, vaccination against S. pneumoniae reduced pneumonia incidence by 45%.

    “During a vaccine efficacy study, the incidence of pneumonia in those with influenza reduced by 45% in groups vaccinated against S. pneumoniae (Madhi et al., 2007).”

    From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Madhi et al., 2007

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Madhi, S. A., Adrian, P., Kuwanda, L., Cutland, C., Albrich, W. C., & Klugman, K. P.
Affiliations
  • University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
  • Emory University (US)
Corresponding author
Madhi, Shabir A.
Venue
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Published
2007-12
Volume
196
Issue
11
Pages
1662-1666
ISSN
  • 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6613
OpenAlex
W2109283478
Cited by
125
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
FWCI
5.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
U.S. Public Health Service (1U19A153217)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
Keywords
pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Streptococcus pneumoniae, nasopharyngeal carriage, HIV-infected children, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, vaccine serotypes, vaccine waning, co-colonization, pneumococcal disease burden, adaptive immunity
MeSH terms
Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Haemophilus Infections, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Male, Nasopharynx, Pneumococcal Infections, Staphylococcal Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Time Factors, Prevalence, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, HIV Seronegativity, Vaccines, Conjugate, Pneumococcal Vaccines

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review