Long‐Term Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Nasopharyngeal Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae —and Associated Interactions with Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae Colonization—in HIV‐Infected and HIV‐Uninfected Children
Abstract
After a primary series of 3 doses, it was found that a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine no longer reduces nasopharyngeal colonization by vaccine serotypes in children 5.3 years of age. In addition, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children (n=81) had a higher prevalence of colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (71.6% and 74.1%, respectively) than did HIV-uninfected children (n=271; 50.9% and 52.0%, respectively), suggesting that increased colonization may contribute to the greater burden of pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected children. Inverse associations between colonization by S. pneumoniae and colonization by Staphylococcus aureus and between colonization by S. aureus and colonization by H. influenzae were observed only in HIV-uninfected children, possibly as a result of suboptimal adaptive immunity after previous colonization in HIV-infected children.
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Pneumococcal vaccination reduces the risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia.
“Pneumococcal vaccination has shown to ameliorate the risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia.”
From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Madhi et al., 2007
In a vaccine efficacy study, among individuals with influenza, vaccination against S. pneumoniae reduced pneumonia incidence by 45%.
“During a vaccine efficacy study, the incidence of pneumonia in those with influenza reduced by 45% in groups vaccinated against S. pneumoniae (Madhi et al., 2007).”
From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Madhi et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Madhi, S. A., Adrian, P., Kuwanda, L., Cutland, C., Albrich, W. C., & Klugman, K. P.
- Affiliations
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Madhi, Shabir A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 196
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1662-1666
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- OpenAlex
- W2109283478
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (1U19A153217)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Keywords
- pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Streptococcus pneumoniae, nasopharyngeal carriage, HIV-infected children, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, vaccine serotypes, vaccine waning, co-colonization, pneumococcal disease burden, adaptive immunity
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Haemophilus Infections, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Male, Nasopharynx, Pneumococcal Infections, Staphylococcal Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Time Factors, Prevalence, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, HIV Seronegativity, Vaccines, Conjugate, Pneumococcal Vaccines
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