The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An Eccentric Circumbinary Accretion Disk and the Detection of Binary Massive Black Holes
Open accessAbstract
We present a two-dimensional grid-based hydrodynamic simulation of a thin, viscous, locally isothermal corotating disk orbiting an equal-mass Newtonian binary point mass on a fixed circular orbit. We study the structure of the disk after multiple viscous times. The binary maintains a central hole in the viscously relaxed disk with radius equal to about twice the binary semimajor axis. Disk surface density within the hole is reduced by orders of magnitude relative to the density in the disk bulk. The inner truncation of the disk resembles the clearing of a gap in a protoplanetary disk. An initially circular disk becomes elliptical and then eccentric. Disturbances in the disk contain a component that is stationary in the rotating frame in which the binary is at rest; this component is a two-armed spiral density wave. We measure the distribution of the binary torque in the disk and find that the strongest positive torque is exerted inside the central low-density hole. We make connection with the linear theory of disk forcing at outer Lindblad resonances (OLRs) and find that the measured torque density distribution is consistent with forcing at the 3:2 ( m = 2) OLR, well within the central hole. We also measure the time dependence of the rate at which gas accretes across the hole and find quasi-periodic structure. We discuss implications for variability and detection of active galactic nuclei containing a binary massive black hole.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Scargle, J. D. (1982) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/160554 · Cited by 7,376
FLASH: An Adaptive Mesh Hydrodynamics Code for Modeling Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes
Fryxell, B., Olson, K., Ricker, P., Timmes, F. X., Zingale, M., Lamb, D. Q., MacNeice, P., Rosner, R., Truran, J. W., & Tufo, H. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/317361 · Cited by 2,567
Gravitational Radiation and the Motion of Two Point Masses
Peters, P. C. (1964) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.136.b1224 · Cited by 2,394
Massive black hole binaries in active galactic nuclei
Begelman, M. C., Blandford, R. D., & Rees, M. J. (1980) · Nature · doi:10.1038/287307a0 · Cited by 1,943
Goldreich, P., & Tremaine, S. (1980) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/158356 · Cited by 1,645
A prescription for period analysis of unevenly sampled time series
Horne, J. H., & Baliunas, S. L. (1986) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/164037 · Cited by 1,446
Dynamics of binary-disk interaction. 1: Resonances and disk gap sizes
Artymowicz, P., & Lubow, S. H. (1994) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/173679 · Cited by 1,317
The excitation of density waves at the Lindblad and corotation resonances by an external potential
Goldreich, P., & Tremaine, S. (1979) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/157448 · Cited by 892
Using Gravitational‐Wave Standard Sirens
Holz, D. E., & Hughes, S. A. (2005) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/431341 · Cited by 777
Mass Flow through Gaps in Circumbinary Disks
Artymowicz, P., & Lubow, S. H. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/310200 · Cited by 625
Cited by
Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap
Askar, A., Belczynski, C., Bertone, G., Bon, E., Blas, D., Brito, R., Bulik, T., Burrage, C., Byrnes, C. T., Caprini, C., et al. (2019) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ab0587 · Cited by 744
Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
Amaro-Seoane, P., Andrews, J., Arca Sedda, M., Askar, A., Baghi, Q., Balasov, R., Bartos, I., Bavera, S. S., Bellovary, J., Berry, C. P. L., et al. (2023) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.1007/s41114-022-00041-y · Cited by 609
Massive black hole binary mergers within subparsec scale gas discs
Cuadra, J., Armitage, P. J., Alexander, R. D., & Begelman, M. C. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14147.x · Cited by 396
Fundamental physics with the Square Kilometre Array
Weltman, A., Bull, P., Camera, S., Kelley, K., Padmanabhan, H., Pritchard, J., Raccanelli, A., Riemer-Sørensen, S., Shao, L., Andrianomena, S., et al. (2020) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia · doi:10.1017/pasa.2019.42 · Cited by 384
BINARY BLACK HOLE ACCRETION FROM A CIRCUMBINARY DISK: GAS DYNAMICS INSIDE THE CENTRAL CAVITY
Farris, B. D., Duffell, P., MacFadyen, A. I., & Haiman, Z. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/783/2/134 · Cited by 374
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- MacFadyen, A. I., & Milosavljević, M.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 672
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-93
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2060191906
- Cited by
- 397
- References
- 38
- FWCI
- 9.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: An Eccentric Circumbinary Accretion Disk and the Detection of Binary Massive Black Holes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/523869
- The paper
- MacFadyen, A. I., & Milosavljević, M. (2008). An Eccentric Circumbinary Accretion Disk and the Detection of Binary Massive Black Holes. The Astrophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1086/523869
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
