The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Disk Around CoKu Tauri/4: Circumbinary, Not Transitional
Open accessAbstract
CoKu Tau/4 has been labeled as one of the very few known transition disk objects—disks around young stars that have their inner disks cleared of dust, arguably as a result of planetary formation. We report aperture-masking interferometry and adaptive optics imaging observations showing that CoKu Tau/4 is in fact a near-equal binary star of projected separation ~53 mas (~8 AU). The spectral energy distribution of the disk is then naturally explained by the inner truncation of the disk through gravitational interactions with the binary star system. We discuss the possibility that such "unseen" binary companions could cause other circumbinary disks to be labeled as transitional.
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“For example, a separation of 10 AU at a distance of 130 pc corresponds to 77 mas, resolvable perhaps with aperture-masking interferometry on large telescopes (e.g., Ireland & Kraus 2008).”
From PLANETARY CONSTRUCTION ZONES IN OCCULTATION: DISCOVERY OF AN EXTRASOLAR RING SYSTEM TRANSITING A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR DETECTING ECLIPSES BY CIRCUMSECONDARY AND CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS (2012) · cites this paper as Ireland & Kraus 2008
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Cites
DAOPHOT: A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CROWDED-FIELD STELLAR PHOTOMETRY
Stetson, P. (1987) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/131977 · Cited by 3,909 · cited 1×
“This routine was implemented using the ALLSTAR routine in the IRAF package DAOPHOT (Stetson 1987), and based on previous experience with NIRC2 imaging, we chose to model the PSF using a Gaussian core with Lorentzian wings.”
MethodJHKLM photometry - Standard systems, passbands, and intrinsic colors
Bessell, M. S., & Brett, J. M. (1988) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/132281 · Cited by 2,086 · cited 1×
“To estimate the reddening, we used the following data: intrinsic colors reported in Bessell & Brett (1988) and Bessell (1990) interpolating between giants (log(g) ∼ 1) and dwarfs (log(g) ∼ 5) at an assumed log(g) of 3.7, JHK photometry from 2MASS, V-band photometry averaged between Cohen & Kuhi…”
MethodInfluentialDynamics of binary-disk interaction. 1: Resonances and disk gap sizes
Artymowicz, P., & Lubow, S. H. (1994) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/173679 · Cited by 1,317 · cited 2×
“In this geometry, Artymowicz & Lubow (1994) calculate that the 3:1 orbital resonance at RD ∼ 2.08a is opened for all but improbably small eccentricities (e & 0.03).”
BackgroundInfluentialBessell, M. S. (1990) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/132749 · Cited by 1,208
Hauschildt, P. H., Allard, F. C., & Baron, E. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/306745 · Cited by 1,177
Observational studies of pre-main-sequence evolution
Cohen, M., & Kuhi, L. V. (1979) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/190641 · Cited by 803 · cited 3×
“5 spectral classification from Cohen & Kuhi (1979) with an assumed 1 sub-class uncertainty.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe NextGen Model Atmosphere grid for $3000\le \Teff \le 10000\K$Preprint
Hauschildt, P. H., Allard, F. C., & Baron, E. (1998) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9807286 · Cited by 666
Speckle masking in astronomy: triple correlation theory and applications
Lohmann, A. W., Weigelt, G. P., & Wirnitzer, B. (1983) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.22.004028 · Cited by 581 · cited 1×
“In addition to this method, we used a recursive-phase algorithm (e.g Lohmann et al. 1983) to reconstruct Fourier Phase from bispectrum phase, and then fitted a binary model to the reconstructed phase of the image.”
MethodPhotoevaporation of protoplanetary discs – II. Evolutionary models and observable properties
Alexander, R. D., Clarke, C. J., & Pringle, J. E. (2006) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10294.x · Cited by 478 · cited 1×
“This inner hole could be caused by natural processes of grain growth and/or photo-evaporation (Alexander et al. 2006), or truncation of the disk due to dynamical interactions with companions (Lin & Papaloizou 1979).”
BackgroundTidal torques on accretion discs in binary systems with extreme mass ratios.
Lin, D., & Papaloizou, J. (1979) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/186.4.799 · Cited by 430 · cited 1×
“This inner hole could be caused by natural processes of grain growth and/or photo-evaporation (Alexander et al. 2006), or truncation of the disk due to dynamical interactions with companions (Lin & Papaloizou 1979).”
Background
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Baraffe, 1998, A&A, 337, 403
- Dorschner, 1995, A&A, 300, 503
- Kraus, 2008, ApJ
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
Williams, J. P., & Cieza, L. A. (2011) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081710-102548 · Cited by 1,403
“UY Aur (Duvert et al. 1998) and CoKu Tau 4 (Ireland & Kraus 2008) are additional examples of primordial circumbinary disks but they appear to be rare exceptions rather than the rule.”
BackgroundMethodRESOLVED IMAGES OF LARGE CAVITIES IN PROTOPLANETARY TRANSITION DISKS
Andrews, S., Wilner, D., Espaillat, C., Hughes, A., Dullemond, C., McClure, M., Qi, C., & Brown, J. M. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/732/1/42 · Cited by 471
“…to explain observations of transition disks, including extensive particle growth (Tanaka et al. 2005; Dullemond & Dominik 2005), photoevaporative massloss in winds (Clarke et al. 2001; Alexander et al. 2006a), and tidal interactions with companions (e.g., Rice et al. 2003a; Ireland & Kraus 2008).”
BackgroundGaps and Rings in an ALMA Survey of Disks in the Taurus Star-forming Region
Long, F., Pinilla, P., Herczeg, G. J., Harsono, D., Dipierro, G., Pascucci, I., Hendler, N. P., Tazzari, M., Ragusa, E., Salyk, C., et al. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aae8e1 · Cited by 527
“Some outliers may be expected from this relationship for circumbinary disks, such as the disk around CoKu Tau 4 (D’Alessio et al. 2005; Ireland & Kraus 2008).”
BackgroundImaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
Bowler, B. P. (2016) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/128/968/102001 · Cited by 450
“This approach has been quite fruitful, resulting in the discovery of companions within these gaps spanning the stellar (CoKu Tau 4: Ireland & Kraus 2008; HD 142527: Biller et al. 2012, Close et al. 2014, Rodigas et al. 2014, Lacour et al. 2015), brown dwarf (HD 169142: Biller et al. 2014, Reggiani…”
BackgroundTHE DISK POPULATION OF THE TAURUS STAR-FORMING REGION
Luhman, K. L., Allen, P., Espaillat, C. C., Hartmann, L. W., & Calvet, N. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/186/1/111 · Cited by 423
“Taurus members that are known to harbor transitional disks include CoKu Tau/4, GM Aur, and DM Tau (Rice et al. 2003; Forrest et al. 2004; Quillen et al. 2004; Calvet et al. 2005; D’Alessio et al. 2005), although the inner hole in the disk of CoKu Tau/4 was probably produced by a stellar companion rather than processes…”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Ireland, M. J., & Kraus, A. L.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2008-04-10
- Volume
- 678
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- L59-L62
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2077892809
- Semantic Scholar
- 4001da3c10b12de4707c22020584e86f45e3abf6
- Cited by
- 199
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 14.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Keywords
- circumbinary disk, transition disks, binary companion, gravitational interaction, planet formation, spectral energy distribution, young stellar disks
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