An Edge-on Circumstellar Disk in the Young Binary System HK Tauri
Open accessAbstract
Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) images of HK Tauri reveal that the companion star in this 2 4 (340 AU) pre-main-sequence binary system is an entirely nebulous object at visual wavelengths. HK Tau/c appears as two elongated reflection nebulosities separated by a dark lane. Near-infrared adaptive optics observations made at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope show a similar morphology and no directly visible star at λ≤2.2 μm. HK Tau/c is strikingly similar to scattered light models of an optically thick circumstellar disk seen close to edge-on and to the HST images of HH 30. HK Tau/c is therefore the first disk to be clearly resolved around an individual star in a young binary system. The disk properties have been constrained by fitting model reflection nebulae to the HST images. The disk has a radius of 105 AU, an inclination of about 5°, a scale height of 3.8 AU at r =50 AU, and is flared. The absence of a point source in the near-IR requires A V >50 mag toward the unseen central star. The thickness of the dark lane establishes a disk mass near 10 -4 M ☉ (~0.1 M Jupiter ) of dust and gas, if the dust grains have interstellar properties and remain fully mixed vertically. With the observed disk radius equal to one-third of the projected separation of the binary, there is a strong possibility that tidal truncation of the circumsecondary disk has occurred in this system.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Disks have been imaged in wide binary T Tauri stars that are misaligned with the binary orbital plane.
“Disks have been imaged in wide binary T Tauri stars that are misaligned with the binary orbital plane (e.g., HK Tau; Stapelfeldt et al. 1998).”
From PLANETARY CONSTRUCTION ZONES IN OCCULTATION: DISCOVERY OF AN EXTRASOLAR RING SYSTEM TRANSITING A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR DETECTING ECLIPSES BY CIRCUMSECONDARY AND CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS (2012) · cites this paper as Stapelfeldt et al. 1998
The Abstract reports an imaged circumstellar disk in HK Tau, a binary with a projected separation of 340 AU. Section 5.1 says the binary orbit is unlikely to be coplanar with the disk, but also says the orbital elements are unknown. The claim presents misalignment as established rather than inferred. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Dynamics of binary-disk interaction. 1: Resonances and disk gap sizes
Artymowicz, P., & Lubow, S. H. (1994) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/173679 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
A Survey for Circumstellar Disks around Young Stellar Objects
Beckwith, S., Sargent, A., Chini, R., & Guesten, R. (1990) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/115385 · Cited by 1,270 · see citing works
The Photometric Performance and Calibration of WFPC2
Holtzman, J. A., Burrows, C. J., Casertano, S., Hester, J. J., Trauger, J. T., Watson, A. M., & Worthey, G. (1995) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/133664 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
Self-citationDisk Accretion and Mass Loss from Young Stars
Hartigan, P. M., Edwards, S., & Ghandour, L. (1995) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/176344 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Observational studies of pre-main-sequence evolution
Cohen, M., & Kuhi, L. V. (1979) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/190641 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Strom, K. M., Strom, S. E., Edwards, S., Cabrit, S., & Skrutskie, M. F. (1989) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/115085 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
D'Antona, F. A., & Mazzitelli, I. (1994) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/191867 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Particle emissivity in circumstellar disks
Beckwith, S. V. W., & Sargent, A. I. (1991) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/170646 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Disk and Jet of HH 30
Burrows, C. J., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Watson, A. M., Krist, J., Ballester, G. E., Clarke, J. T., Crisp, D., Gallagher, J. S., Griffiths, R. E., Hester, J. J., et al. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/178156 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Self-citationA new optical extinction law and distance estimate for the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud
Kenyon, S. J., Dobrzycka, D., & Hartmann, L. W. (1994) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/117200 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
On the spatial distribution of pre-main-sequence stars in Taurus
Gómez, M., Hartmann, L. W., Kenyon, S. J., & Hewett, R. (1993) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/116567 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Millimeter-wave continuum measurements of young stars
Osterloh, M., & Beckwith, S. (1995) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/175172 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Larwood, J. D., Nelson, R. P., Papaloizou, J. C. B., & Terquem, C. (1996) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/282.2.597 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Jensen, E. L. N., Mathieu, R. D., & Fuller, G. A. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/176814 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Adaptive Optics Imaging of GG Tauri: Optical Detection of the Circumbinary Ring
Roddier, C. A., Roddier, F. J., Northcott, M. J., Graves, J. E., & Jim, K. T. C. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/177245 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Ghez, A. M., Weinberger, A. J., Neugebauer, G. X., Matthews, K., & W., J. M. D. (1995) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/117560 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Optical and Near‐Infrared Model Images of the Circumstellar Environments of Classical T Tauri Stars
Wood, K., Kenyon, S. J., Whitney, B. A., & Turnbull, M. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/305449 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
High-Resolution Near-Infrared Imaging of the Orion 114−426 Silhouette Disk
McCaughrean, M. J., Chen, H., Bally, J., Erickson, E., Thompson, R. I., Rieke, M. J., Schneider, G., Stolovy, S. R., & Young, E. T. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/311110 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Circumprotostellar environments. I - Molecular outflows from protostar candidates in Taurus
Moriarty-Schieven, G. H., Wannier, P. G., Tamura, M., & Keene, J. B. (1992) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/171992 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Hubble Space TelescopeWFPC2 Imaging of FS Tauri and Haro 6‐5B
Krist, J., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Burrows, C. J., Ballester, G. E., Clarke, J. T., Crisp, D., Evans, R. W., Gallagher, J. S., Griffiths, R. E., Hester, J. J., et al. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/305861 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationA radio survey of weak T Tauri stars in Taurus-Auriga
O’Neal, D., Feigelson, E. D., Mathieu, R. D., & Myers, P. C. (1990) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/115621 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Stellar photometry including saturated images: Results on M67 with WFPC2
Gilliland, R. L. (1994) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/187595 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Disks and Jets of Taurus Young Stellar Objects
The WFPC2 Science Team, Stapelfeldt, K. R., Burrows, C. J., & Krist, J. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5608-0_29 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [24]24. Shu, F., Najita, J., Galli, D., Ostriker, E., & Lizano, S. 1993, in Protostars and Planets III, ed. E. H. Levy & J. I. Lunine (Tuscon: Univ. Arizona Press), 3
- [25]25. Stapelfeldt, K. R., Burrows, C. J., & Krist, J. E. 1997, in Proc. IAU Symp. 182, Herbig-Haro Flows and the Birth of Low-Mass Stars, ed. B. Reipurth & C. Bertout (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 355
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The James Webb Space Telescope
Gardner, J. P., Mather, J. C., Clampin, M., Doyon, R., Greenhouse, M., Hammel, H. B., Hutchings, J. B., Jakobsen, P., Lilly, S., Long, K. S., et al. (2006) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-006-8315-7 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution
Williams, J. P., & Cieza, L. A. (2011) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081710-102548 · Cited by 1,403 · see citing works
Robitaille, T., Whitney, B. A., Indebetouw, R., & Wood, K. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/512039 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
The formation of a star cluster: predicting the properties of stars and brown dwarfs
Bate, M., Bonnell, I., & Bromm, V. (2002) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06210.x · Cited by 607 · see citing works
High-Energy Processes in Young Stellar Objects
Feigelson, E. D., & Montmerle, T. (1999) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.363 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Accretion Disks around Young Objects. III. Grain Growth
D’Alessio, P., Calvet, N., & Hartmann, L. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/320655 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Bate, M. R. (2011) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19955.x · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Observational Constraints on the Formation and Evolution of Binary Stars
White, R. J., & Ghez, A. M. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/321542 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Accretion Disks around Young Objects. II. Tests of Well‐mixed Models with ISM Dust
D’Alessio, P., Calvet, N., Hartmann, L. W., Lizano, S., & Cantó, J. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/308103 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Bate, M. R. (2008) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14106.x · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Monte Carlo radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
Pinte, C., Ménard, F., Duchêne, G., & Bastien, P. (2006) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053275 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Self-citationA Survey and Analysis of Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Spectra of T Tauri Stars in Taurus
Furlan, E., Hartmann, L. W., Calvet, N., D’Alessio, P., Franco-Hernández, R., Forrest, W. J., Watson, D. M., Uchida, K. I., Sargent, B., Green, J. D., et al. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/505468 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
LkCa 15: A YOUNG EXOPLANET CAUGHT AT FORMATION?
Kraus, A. L., & Ireland, M. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/745/1/5 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Debris Disks in Main‐Sequence Binary Systems
Trilling, D. E., Stansberry, J. A., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Rieke, G. H., Su, K. Y. L., Gray, R. O., Corbally, C. J., Bryden, G., Chen, C. H., Boden, A., et al. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/511668 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Initial Mass Function in the Taurus Star‐forming Region
Briceño, C. A., Luhman, K. L., Hartmann, L. W., Stauffer, J. R., & Kirkpatrick, J. D. (2002) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/343127 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
On the Evolutionary Status of Class I Stars and Herbig‐Haro Energy Sources in Taurus‐Auriga
White, R. J., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/425115 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
On the diversity and statistical properties of protostellar discs
Bate, M. R. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty169 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
ACCRETION DISKS AROUND YOUNG OBJECTS. III. GRAIN GROWTHPreprint
Calvet, N., & Hartmann, L. W. (2013) · Cited by 318 · see citing works
[ITAL]HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE[/ITAL]/NICMOS Imaging of Disks and Envelopes around Very Young Stars
Padgett, D. L., Brandner, W., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Strom, S. E., Terebey, S., & Koerner, D. W. (1999) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300781 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationDebris disks in main sequence binary systems
Trilling, D. E., Stansberry, J. A., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Rieke, G. H., Su, K. Y. L., Gray, R. O., Corbally, C. J., Bryden, G., Chen, C. H., Boden, A., et al. (2006) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Self-citationBate, M. R. (2025) · Figshare · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Bate, M. R. (2012) · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Predicting the properties of binary stellar systems: the evolution of accreting protobinary systems
Bate, M. R. (2000) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03333.x · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Papaloizou, J. C. B., & Terquem, C. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/307581 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Planet formation and migration
Papaloizou, J. C. B., & Terquem, C. (2005) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/69/1/r03 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Accretion in the Early Kuiper Belt. II. Fragmentation
Kenyon, S., & Luu, J. (1999) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/300969 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Observational implications of precessing protostellar discs and jets
Bate, M. R., Bonnell, I. A., Clarke, C. J., Lubow, S. H., Ogilvie, G. I., Pringle, J. E., & Tout, C. A. (2000) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03648.x · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Observations of edge-on protoplanetary disks with ALMA
Villenave, M., Ménard, F., Dent, W. R. F., Duchêne, G., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Benisty, M., Boehler, Y., van der Plas, G., Pinte, C., Telkamp, Z., et al. (2020) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038087 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the Tilting of Protostellar Disks by Resonant Tidal Effects
Lubow, S. H., & Ogilvie, G. I. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/309101 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
THE COEVALITY OF YOUNG BINARY SYSTEMS
Kraus, A. L., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/704/1/531 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
The Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS 1207−3932B: Temperature, Mass, and Evidence for an Edge‐on Disk
Mohanty, S., Jayawardhana, R., Huélamo, N., & Mamajek, E. E. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/510877 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The Spectral Energy Distribution of HH 30 IRS: Constraining the Circumstellar Dust Size Distribution
Wood, K., Wolff, M. J., Bjorkman, K. S., & Whitney, B. A. (2002) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/324285 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The Circumstellar Disk of the Butterfly Star in Taurus
Wolf, S., Padgett, D. L., & Stapelfeldt, K. R. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/374041 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationTidal truncation of inclined circumstellar and circumbinary discs in young stellar binaries
Miranda, R., & Lai, D. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1450 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Yorke, H. W., & Bodenheimer, P. H. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/307867 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Hydrodynamic Torques in Circumbinary Accretion Disks
Moody, M. S. L., Shi, J.-M., & Stone, J. M. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab09ee · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Dynamical Formation of Close Binaries during the Pre-main-sequence Phase
Moe, M., & Kratter, K. M. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa6d2 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Star–disc–binary interactions in protoplanetary disc systems and primordial spin–orbit misalignments
Lai, D. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu485 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Molecular hydrogen emission from protoplanetary disks
Nomura, H., & Millar, T. J. (2005) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052809 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Spectral Energy Distributions of Passive T Tauri Disks: Inclination
Chiang, E., & Goldreich, P. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/307351 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Mamajek, E. E., Quillen, A. C., Pecaut, M. J., Moolekamp, F., Scott, E. L., Kenworthy, M. A., Cameron, A. C., & Parley, N. R. (2012) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/143/3/72 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“Hiding a dwarf star more massive than the K star seen would require an edge-on disk (such as seen in images of HK Tau; Stapelfeldt et al. 1998) but again there is no evidence for an infrared excess from J1407.”
BackgroundMethodTHREE WIDE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANIONS TO FW TAU, ROXs 12, AND ROXs 42B
Kraus, A. L., Ireland, M., Cieza, L. A., Hinkley, S., Dupuy, T. J., Bowler, B. P., & Liu, M. C. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/781/1/20 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
A VLT/NACO survey for triple and quadruple systems among visual pre-main sequence binaries
Correia, S., Zinnecker, H., Ratzka, T., & Sterzik, M. F. (2006) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065545 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The Origin of Chaos in the Outer Solar System
Murray, N., & Holman, M. J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5409.1877 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Planet formation and migration
Papaloizou, J. C. B., & Terquem, C. (2005) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 131 · see citing works
WFPC2 Images of a Face‐on Disk Surrounding TW Hydrae
Krist, J., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Ménard, F., Padgett, D. L., & Burrows, C. J. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/309170 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationPrecession of Collimated Outflows from Young Stellar Objects
Terquem, C., Eislöffel, J., Papaloizou, J. C. B., & Nelson, R. P. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/311880 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Intense accretion and mass loss of a very low mass young stellar object
Fernández, M., & Comerón, F. (2001) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011443 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Investigating Disk Evolution: A High Spatial Resolution Mid‐Infrared Survey of T Tauri Stars
McCabe, C., Ghez, A. M., Prato, L., Duchene, G., Fisher, R. S., & Telesco, C. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/498207 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Richling, S., & Yorke, H. W. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/309198 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Observational Implications of Precessing Protostellar Discs and Jets
Bate, M. R., Bonnell, I. A., Clarke, C. J., Lubow, S. H., Ogilvie, G. I., Pringle, J. E., & Tout, C. A. (2000) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Misaligned protoplanetary disks in a young binary star system
Jensen, E. L. N., & Akeson, R. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13521 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The statistical properties of stars and their dependence on metallicity: the effects of opacity
Bate, M. R. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu795 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Duchêne, G., Bontemps, S., Bouvier, J., André, P., Djupvik, A. A., & Ghez, A. M. (2007) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077270 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh‐Resolution Near‐Infrared Images and Models of the Circumstellar Disk in HH 30
Cotera, A. S., Whitney, B. A., Young, E. T., Wolff, M. J., Wood, K., Povich, M. S., Schneider, G., Rieke, M. J., & Thompson, R. I. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/321627 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Polar Alignment of a Protoplanetary Disk around an Eccentric Binary
Martin, R. G., & Lubow, S. H. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/835/2/l28 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The highest resolution near infrared spectrum of the imaged planetary mass companion 2M1207 b
Patience, J., King, R. R., Rosa, R. J. D., & Marois, C. (2010) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014173 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Infrared Signatures of Protoplanetary Disk Evolution
Wood, K., Lada, C. J., Bjorkman, K. S., Kenyon, S. J., Whitney, B. A., & Wolff, M. J. (2002) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/338662 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
A Third Star in the T Tauri System
Koresko, C. D. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/312543 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Comerón, F., Fernández, M., Baraffe, I., Neuhäuser, R., & Kaas, A. A. (2003) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030848 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Observations of Solids in Protoplanetary Disks
Andrews, S. M. (2015) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/683178 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Brandner, W., Zinnecker, H., Alcalá, J. M., Allard, F. C., Covino, E., Frink, S., Köhler, R., Kunkel, M. C., Moneti, A., & Schweitzer, A. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301483 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
AKARI observations of ice absorption bands towards edge-on young stellar objects
Aikawa, Y., Kamuro, D., Sakon, I., Itoh, Y., Terada, H., Noble, J. A., Pontoppidan, K. M., Fraser, H. J., Tamura, M., Kandori, R., et al. (2011) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015999 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Johns‐Krull, C. M., & Valenti, J. A. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/323257 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
A VLT/NACO Survey for Triple and Quadruple Systems among Visual Pre-Main Sequence Binaries
Correia, S., Zinnecker, H., Ratzka, T., & Sterzik, M. (2006) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065545/pdf · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Detection of Water Ice in Edge‐on Protoplanetary Disks: HK Tauri B and HV Tauri C
Terada, H., Tokunaga, A. T., Kobayashi, N., Takato, N., Hayano, Y., & Takami, H. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/520951 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Testing Protoplanetary Disk Alignment in Young Binaries
Jensen, E. L. N., Mathieu, R. D., Donar, A. X., & Dullighan, A. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/380089 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Spiral Arms in Disks: Planets or Gravitational Instability?
Dong, R., Najita, J., & Brittain, S. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaccfc · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Hubble Space TelescopeWFPC2 Imaging of the Disk and Jet of HV Tauri C
Stapelfeldt, K. R., Ménard, F., Watson, A. M., Krist, J., Dougados, C., Padgett, D. L., & Brandner, W. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/374374 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationA Circumstellar Disk in a Pre–main-sequence Binary Star
Koresko, C. D. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/311694 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Planet–disc evolution and the formation of Kozai–Lidov planets
Martin, R. G., Lubow, S. H., Nixon, C. J., & Armitage, P. J. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw605 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
HubbleandSpitzerObservations of an Edge‐on Circumstellar Disk around a Brown Dwarf
Luhman, K. L., Adame, L., D’Alessio, P., Calvet, N., McLeod, K. K., Bohac, C. J., Forrest, W. J., Hartmann, L. W., Sargent, B., & Watson, D. M. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/520712 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
NICMOS Images of the GG Tauri Circumbinary Disk
McCabe, C., Duchêne, G., & Ghez, A. M. (2002) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/341479 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Evolution of warped and twisted accretion discs in close binary systems
Fragner, M. M., & Nelson, R. P. (2009) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913088 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
A Third Star in the T Tauri SystemPreprint
Koresko, C. D. (2000) · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Precession of collimated outflows from young stellar objects
Terquem, C., Eislöffel, J., Papaloizou, J. C. B., & Nelson, R. (1999) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Synthetic infrared images and spectral energy distributions of a young low-mass stellar cluster
Kurosawa, R., Harries, T. J., Bate, M. R., & Symington, N. H. (2004) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07869.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
PANCHROMATIC OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING OF THE HV TAU C EDGE-ON DISK
Duchêne, G., McCabe, C., Pinte, C., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Ménard, F., Duvert, G., Ghez, A. M., Maness, H. L., Bouy, H., Barrado, D., et al. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/712/1/112 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationDuchêne, G., McCabe, C., Ghez, A. M., & Macintosh, B. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/383126 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Ménard, F., & Duchêne, G. (2004) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041338 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationAnd in the Darkness Bind Them: Equatorial Rings, B[e] Supergiants, and the Waists of Bipolar Nebulae
Smith, N., Bally, J., & Walawender, J. (2007) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/518563 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Mass ratios of the components in T Tauri binary systems and implications for multiple star formation
Woitas, J., Leinert, C., & Köhler, R. (2001) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011034 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Radiative Transfer Modeling: A Case Study in Taurus
Ballering, N. P., & Eisner, J. A. (2019) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab0a56 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
MAGNETIC ORIGINS OF THE STELLAR MASS-OBLIQUITY CORRELATION IN PLANETARY SYSTEMS
Spalding, C., & Batygin, K. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/811/2/82 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
NICMOS Coronagraphic Observations of the GM Aurigae Circumstellar Disk
Schneider, G., Wood, K., Silverstone, M. D., Hines, D. C., Koerner, D. W., Whitney, B. A., Bjorkman, K. S., & Lowrance, P. (2003) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/367596 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The structure of brown dwarf circumstellar discs
Walker, C., Wood, K., Lada, C. J., Robitaille, T., Bjorkman, K. S., & Whitney, B. A. (2004) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07807.x · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Mass ratios of the components in T Tauri binary systems and implications for multiple star formation
Woitas, J., Leinert, C., & Köhler, R. (2001) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011034/pdf · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The circumstellar disc in the Bok globule CB 26
Sauter, J., Wolf, S., Launhardt, R., Padgett, D. L., Stapelfeldt, K. R., Pinte, C., Duchêne, G., Ménard, F., McCabe, C., Pontoppidan, K. M., et al. (2009) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912397 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationZanazzi, J. J., & Lai, D. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1075 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Disc orientations in pre-main-sequence multiple systems
Monin, J.-L., Ménard, F., & Peretto, N. (2006) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042584 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationAN ALMA DISK MASS FOR THE CANDIDATE PROTOPLANETARY COMPANION TO FW TAU
Kraus, A. L., Andrews, S. M., Bowler, B. P., Herczeg, G. J., Ireland, M., Liu, M. C., Metchev, S., & Cruz, K. L. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/798/1/l23 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Evolution of linear warps in accretion discs and applications to protoplanetary discs in binaries
Foucart, F., & Lai, D. (2014) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1869 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Subaru Near-Infrared Imaging of Herbig Ae Stars*
Fukagawa, M., Tamura, M., Itoh, Y., Oasa, Y., Kudo, T., Hayashi, S. S., Kato, E., Ootsubo, T., Itoh, Y., Shibai, H., et al. (2010) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan · doi:10.1093/pasj/62.2.347 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
THE KOZAI–LIDOV MECHANISM IN HYDRODYNAMICAL DISKS. II. EFFECTS OF BINARY AND DISK PARAMETERS
Fu, W., Lubow, S. H., & Martin, R. G. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/807/1/75 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Discovery of an Optically Thick, Edge‐on Disk around the Herbig Ae Star PDS 144N
Perrin, M. D., Duchêne, G., Kalas, P., & Graham, J. R. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/504510 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Wolf, S., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/377638 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A deep survey of brown dwarfs in Orion with Gemini
Lucas, P. W., Roche, P. F., & Tamura, M. (2005) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09156.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Symplectic integration of hierarchical stellar systems
Beust, H. (2003) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030065 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
ASSEMBLY OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS AND INCLINATIONS OF CIRCUMBINARY PLANETS
Foucart, F., & Lai, D. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/764/1/106 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Discovery of a Subarcsecond Radio Binary Associated with the SVS 13 Star in the HH 7–11 Region
Anglada, G., Rodríguez, L. F., & Torrelles, J. M. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/312933 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
- Authors
- Stapelfeldt, K. R., Krist, J. E., Ménard, F., Bouvier, J., Padgett, D. L., & Burrows, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
- Université Joseph Fourier (FR)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 1998-07-20
- Volume
- 502
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- L65-L69
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2083293100
- Semantic Scholar
- 7ebc672e50c8565155fe3c3c0ad413d56e1060ce
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 15.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Keywords
- circumstellar disks, edge-on disk, young binary stars, pre-main-sequence stars, reflection nebulae, scattered light, disk inclination, disk mass, tidal truncation, dark lanes, HH 30, disk flaring
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
