HIV Infection–Associated Tuberculosis: The Epidemiology and the Response
Abstract
Of the 33.2 million persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), one-third are estimated to also be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2008, there were an estimated 1.4 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) among persons with HIV infection, and TB accounted for 26% of AIDS-related deaths. The relative risk of TB among HIV-infected persons, compared with that among HIV-uninfected persons, ranges from 20- and 37-fold, depending on the state of the HIV epidemic. In 2008, 1.4 million patients with TB were tested globally for HIV, and 81 countries tested more than half of their patients with TB for HIV. Only 4% of all persons infected with HIV were screened for TB in the same year. Decentralization of HIV treatment services and strengthening of its integration with TB services are essential. Use of the highly decentralized TB services as an entry point to rapidly expand access to antiretroviral therapy and methods for prevention of HIV infection must be pursued aggressively.
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HIV co-infection increases the risk of latent TB reactivation 20-fold and is the most powerful known risk factor for progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active disease.
“Studies show that HIV co-infection, which increases the risk of latent TB reactivation 20-fold, is the most powerful known risk factor for the progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to an active disease [16,17].”
From Treatment success rate of tuberculosis patients in Dabat, northwest Ethiopia (2014) · cites this paper as [16]
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Prevention of Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV
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- Authors
- Getahun, H., Gunneberg, C., Granich, R., & Nunn, P.
- Affiliations
- World Health Organization (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Getahun, Haileyesus
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-05-15
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- s3
- Pages
- S201-S207
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- OpenAlex
- W2040957894
- Semantic Scholar
- 218505e00ff1b42f8fe928ce3d7afc82b0f90bbf
- Cited by
- 598
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 55 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 20.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Keywords
- HIV-associated tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis epidemiology, antiretroviral therapy access, HIV prevention, AIDS mortality
- MeSH terms
- Communicable Disease Control, Humans, Tuberculosis, HIV Infections, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
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