The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
When Do Fathers Care? Mothers’ Economic Contribution and Fathers’ Involvement in Child Care
Open accessAbstract
Previous literature suggests a tenuous link between fathers' care of children and maternal employment and earnings. This study shows that the link is stronger when measures of caregiving capture fathers' increased responsibility for children. The analysis of time diary data from 6,572 married fathers and 7,376 married mothers with children under age 13 indicates that fathers (1) engage in more "solo" care of children when their wives are employed, (2) are more likely to do the kind of child care associated with responsibility for their children when their wives spend more time in the labor market, and (3) participate more in routine care when their wives contribute a greater share of the couple's earnings. In addition, the "father care" to "mother care" ratio rises when mothers contribute a greater share of household earnings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“At this point it is worth noting that the transition to parenthood typically involves a substantial reduction in working hours for new mothers (Paull, 2008), which can lead to increased pressure on new fathers to become the key earner, perhaps at the cost of reduced family time (Raley et al., 2012).”
From Couples becoming parents: Trajectories for psychological distress and buffering effects of social support (2020) · cites this paper as Raley et al., 2012
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?
Correll, S. J., Benard, S., & Paik, I. (2007) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/511799 · Cited by 2,525
The Wage Penalty for Motherhood
Budig, M. J., & England, P. (2001) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2657415 · Cited by 2,296
The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood.
LaRossa, R., & Hays, S. (1998) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/3005721 · Cited by 1,960
Economic Dependency, Gender, and the Division of Labor at Home
Brines, J. (1994) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/230577 · Cited by 1,420
When Does Gender Trump Money? Bargaining and Time in Household Work
Bittman, M., England, P., Sayer, L. C., Folbre, N. R., & Matheson, G. (2003) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/378341 · Cited by 1,362
Changing rhythms of American family life
(2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.44-6528 · Cited by 1,056
Are Parents Investing Less in Children? Trends in Mothers’ and Fathers’ Time with Children
Sayer, L. C., Bianchi, S. M., & Robinson, J. P. (2004) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/386270 · Cited by 1,001
Self-citationDoes Father Care Mean Fathers Share?
Craig, L. (2006) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243205285212 · Cited by 995
Children's Time With Fathers in Intact Families
Yeung, W. J., Sandberg, J., Davis-Kean, P. E., & Hofferth, S. L. (2001) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00136.x · Cited by 975
Allen, S. M., & Hawkins, A. J. (1999) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/353894 · Cited by 972
Research works printed but not linked: 12
- Bianchi Suzanne M, Pp. 189–219 in Social Inequality, edited by Kathryn Neckerman.
- Bianchi Suzanne M, Pp. 21–42 in Work, Family, Health and Well-Being
- Bianchi Suzanne M, 2006, Milkie
- Bittman Michael, Pp. 133–51 in Family Time: The Social Organization of Care, edited by Nancy Folbre and Michael Bittman.
- Budig Michelle J, Pp. 51–68 in Family Time: The Social Organization of Care, edited by Michelle J. Budig and Nancy Folbre.
- Cherlin Andrew, The Marriage Go Round
- England Paula, meeting of the Population Association of America, Dallas, April 15–17
- Furstenberg Frank F, Pp. 193–218 in The Changing American Family and Public Policy
- Lamb Michael E, Pp. 3–25 in The Father’s Role: Cross-Cultural Perspectives
- Pleck Joseph H, Pp. 66–103 in The Role of the Father in Child Development, 3d ed., edited by M. E. Lamb.
- Riley Melissa Buckmiller, Master’s thesis
- Robinson John P, Time for Life: The Surprising Ways Americans Spend Their Time
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 476
The Other Half: Views of Fatherhood in the Organization
Ladge, J. J., Humberd, B. K., & McNett, J. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41121-7_13 · Cited by 11
Gaunt, R. A. (2018) · Community Work & Family · doi:10.1080/13668803.2018.1428170 · Cited by 11
Rachele, J. N., Schmid, C. J., Brown, W. J., Nathan, A., Kamphuis, C. B. M., & Turrell, G. (2019) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100844 · Cited by 11
Lindsay, A. C., Vianna, G. V. D. B., Arruda, C. A. M., Alves, A. D. S. M., Hasselmann, M. H., Machado, M. M. T., & Greaney, M. L. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980020001123 · Cited by 11
Dickson, M., & Dickson, J. (2021) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12741 · Cited by 11
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Sleep Parenting Scale for Infants
Lo, B. K., McTernan, M. L., Haines, J., Savage, J. S., Kugler, K. C., Haneuse, S., Redline, S. S., Taveras, E. M., & Davison, K. K. (2021) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2021.2002799 · Cited by 11
Sukmak, V., & Sangsuk, N. (2018) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2018.04.005 · Cited by 11
Mothers’ Work Schedules and Children’s Time with Parents
Pilarz, A. R., & Awkward-Rich, L. (2023) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1007/s10834-023-09894-z · Cited by 10
Japanese fathers’ work-related factors associated with involvement in childcare
Ochi, M., Kato, T., Kachi, Y., Dhungel, B., Nagayoshi, M., Ichinose, Y., & Takehara, K. (2024) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1093/joccuh/uiae036 · Cited by 10
Tarihi Seyrinde Değişen Aile ve Postmodern Babalık
Çevik, İ. (2025) · Türkiye Din Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi · doi:10.53112/tudear.1658071 · Cited by 10
The mental load in separated families
Luthra, R. R., & Haux, T. (2022) · Journal of Family Research · doi:10.20377/jfr-743 · Cited by 11
Sleep hours and quality before and after baby: Inequalities by gender and partnership
Chao, S., Perelli‐Harris, B., Berrington, A. M., & Blom, N. (2022) · Advances in Life Course Research · doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100518 · Cited by 13
Larsen, H., Hermans, R. C. J., Kayabal, S., Renders, C. M., & Vrijkotte, T. G. M. (2023) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101775 · Cited by 10
Bargaining Bonus or Breadwinning Burden? Wives’ Relative Earnings, Childrearing, and Depression
Leupp, K. (2020) · Sociological perspectives · doi:10.1177/0731121419842132 · Cited by 9
TİMURTURKAN, M. (2019) · Journal of Humanity and Society (insan & toplum) · doi:10.12658/m0328 · Cited by 10
Active Fathers in the United States: Caught Between De-Gendering Care and Caring Masculinities
Adler, M. A. (2021) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x211055510 · Cited by 9
Crossover effect of spouse weekly working hours on estimated 10-years risk of cardiovascular disease
Kang, M., & Hong, Y. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182010 · Cited by 9
Work-Family Policies and Gender Inequalities in Childcare Time
Gao, G., & Ruan, H. (2022) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231221142677 · Cited by 9
Danquah, L., Amegbor, P. M., & Ayele, D. G. (2021) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-021-02990-9 · Cited by 9
Taking the long view: Long‐term couple earnings arrangements across the transition to parenthood
Steinbring, R., Perales, F., Baxter, J., & Lam, J. (2023) · Australian Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1002/ajs4.264 · Cited by 8
Cui, S., Jing, F. F., Ma, H., Zhu, M., Yan, Y., & Wang, S. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22059-x · Cited by 8
Singhal, S., & Gupta, V. (2022) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-022-00725-8 · Cited by 9
Trends in Suicidal Mortality and Motives among Working-Ages Individuals in Japan during 2007–2022
Matsumoto, R., Motomura, E., Onitsuka, T., & Okada, M. (2023) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe13120193 · Cited by 8
Sarı, E., & Yalçın, S. S. (2024) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-024-01802-x · Cited by 8
Hennecke, J., & Pape, A. (2021) · Review of Economics of the Household · doi:10.1007/s11150-021-09582-7 · Cited by 8
How Well Do European Child-Related Leave Policies Support the Caring Role of Fathers?
Bártová, A., & Keizer, R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_15 · Cited by 8
Mothers' Employment Participation: The Role of Partner Involvement and Selection Processes
Ingenfeld, J. (2021) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12755 · Cited by 11
Hughes, C. (2021) · Demography · doi:10.1215/00703370-8928494 · Cited by 8
Paleari, F. G., Celsi, L., Galati, D., & Pivetti, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.818607 · Cited by 8
van Tienoven, T. P., Glorieux, I., Minnen, J., & Daniels, S. (2015) · Family Science · doi:10.1080/19424620.2015.1082338 · Cited by 8
Women’s investment in career and the household division of labour
Sofer, C., & Thibout, C. (2019) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2019.1644440 · Cited by 8
Ishizuka, P. (2025) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103156 · Cited by 13
Yu, H., Smith, A. N., & Dimotakis, N. E. (2025) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2879 · Cited by 11
Léniz-Maturana, L., Vilaseca, R., Leiva, D., & Gallardo-Rodríguez, R. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10111778 · Cited by 7
Beyond intensive mothering: Racial/ethnic variation in maternal time with children
Nomaguchi, K. M., Milkie, M. A., Kulkarni, V. S., & Allen, A. (2024) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.102989 · Cited by 7
Remote Work, Gender Ideologies, and Fathers’ Participation in Childcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Carlson, D. L., McPherson, S., & Petts, R. J. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13030166 · Cited by 7
Viñas, M. B. (2018) · Revista Española de Sociología · doi:10.22325/fes/res.2018.15 · Cited by 7
Implicit Maternal Intuition Confidence Is Associated With Maternal Well-Being Across Cultures
Gardner, W. L., Rotella, K. N., & Nikolovski, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00289 · Cited by 7
Couples’ daily childcare schedules: gendered patterns and variations
Henz, U. (2020) · Families Relationships and Societies · doi:10.1332/204674320x15979442575464 · Cited by 6
Parental Proximity and Earnings After Job Displacements
Zabek, M., Coate, P., & Krolikowski, P. M. (2019) · Finance and Economics Discussion Series · doi:10.17016/feds.2019.062 · Cited by 7
Tan, X., Ruppanner, L., Hewitt, B. A., & Maume, D. J. (2022) · Contemporary Social Science · doi:10.1080/21582041.2022.2033305 · Cited by 7
Maharaj, P., & Dunn, S. (2022) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1080/01488376.2022.2087826 · Cited by 7
Physical custody arrangements and fathers’ post-separation well-being
Augustijn, L. (2022) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2022.2108720 · Cited by 7
Mothers' empowerment and father involvement in child health care in Bangladesh
Murshid, N. S. (2016) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.06.026 · Cited by 8
Parent-child physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and obesity
Sigmund, E., & Sigmundová, D. (2017) · doi:10.5507/ftk.17.24451824 · Cited by 7
Die Arbeitsteilung gleichgeschlechtlicher Paare in Deutschland
Buschner, A. (2014) · Bamberger Beiträge zur Soziologie · doi:10.20378/irb-3011 · Cited by 7
Roy, K. M. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118374085.ch21 · Cited by 7
Who will change the “baby?” Examining the power of gender in an experimental setting
Roncolato, L., & Roomets, A. (2020) · Review of Economics of the Household · doi:10.1007/s11150-020-09490-2 · Cited by 6
Division of Childcare Leave among Parents of Children with a Serious Illness
Hjelmstedt, S., Montgomery, S., Nybergh, L., Myrberg, I. H., Norberg, A. L., & Hovén, E. (2020) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x20940748 · Cited by 6
Do fathers have son preference in the United States? Evidence from paternal subjective well-being
Song, Y., & Gao, J. (2023) · Review of Economics of the Household · doi:10.1007/s11150-022-09640-8 · Cited by 8
Association of paternal factors with mothers’ employment postchildbirth
Dhungel, B., Kachi, Y., Kato, T., Ochi, M., Nagayoshi, M., Gilmour, S., & Takehara, K. (2023) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1002/1348-9585.12419 · Cited by 6
Scheibling, C., Young, M. C., Milkie, M. A., & Schieman, S. (2023) · Community Work & Family · doi:10.1080/13668803.2023.2298313 · Cited by 6
Williams, L. R., Krouskop, H. G., & Fisher, M. L. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117172 · Cited by 6
Milovanska-Farrington, S. (2021) · Journal of Economic Studies · doi:10.1108/jes-01-2021-0013 · Cited by 6
Romero‐Balsas, P. (2021) · Revista Española de Sociología · doi:10.22325/fes/res.2022.85 · Cited by 6
Gao, G. (2022) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12889 · Cited by 6
Art Play with Daddy: Father-Child Play with Art Materials at Home
Yoo, J. (2022) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-022-01411-5 · Cited by 6
Qian, Y., & Sayer, L. C. (2022) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231221132383 · Cited by 6
Temporal Availability and Women Career Progression: Evidence from Cross-Time-Zone Acquisitions
Gagliardi, L., Mariani, M., & Breschi, S. (2024) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2023.17685 · Cited by 6
Gleditsch, R. F., & Pedersen, D. E. (2017) · Marriage & Family Review · doi:10.1080/01494929.2017.1283383 · Cited by 6
Lauve-Moon, K. R. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197527542.001.0001 · Cited by 6
Schober, P. S., & Zoch, G. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2698651 · Cited by 6
Fathers and children from infancy to middle childhood
Smyth, E., & Russell, H. (2021) · doi:10.26504/rs130 · Cited by 6
Why do children comply with parental restrictions in the personal domain?
Zeyrek, F. B., & Smetana, J. G. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105737 · Cited by 5
Knoester, C., & Li, Q. (2021) · Sociological Perspectives · doi:10.1177/07311214211001892 · Cited by 5
Measuring the association between fathers’ involvement and risky behaviours in adolescence
Vanchugova, D., Norman, H., & Elliot, M. J. (2022) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102749 · Cited by 5
Berhane, H. Y., Tewahido, D., Tarekegn, W., & Trenholm, J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0288487 · Cited by 5
Zhang, L. (2024) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2024.102865 · Cited by 5
Parenthood, earnings, and the relevance of family formation sequences
Yu, W., & Kuo, J. C.-L. (2024) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103027 · Cited by 5
Im, J., & Ispa, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02147-3 · Cited by 5
Re-Visiting the Family Gap in Pay in the United States
Pal, I., & Waldfogel, J. (2014) · doi:10.7916/d8057g7b · Cited by 5
Impacto de la ley de custodia compartida de la Comunidad Valenciana en las modificaciones de medida
Illana, P. J. B., & Villanueva, L. (2014) · Anuario de Psicología Jurídica · doi:10.1016/j.apj.2014.06.002 · Cited by 6
Elizabeth, V. (2019) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy · doi:10.1002/anzf.1344 · Cited by 5
Mooney, S. (2014) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) · Cited by 5
DeRose, L. F., Cahn, N., Carbone, J., Wilcox, W. B., Carlson, M. J., Esteve, A., Florez-Paredes, E., Cherlin, A. J., Perelli‐Harris, B., Eberstadt, N., et al. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235525 · Cited by 14
Kuang, B., Perelli‐Harris, B., & Berrington, A. M. (2025) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.13112 · Cited by 4
Rebrey, S. (2023) · Population and Economics · doi:10.3897/popecon.7.e107546 · Cited by 4
Parental well-being when children move out: A panel study on short- and long-term effects
Collischon, M., Eberl, A., & Wolbring, T. (2024) · Advances in Life Course Research · doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100643 · Cited by 4
Dutch midwives’ views on father-involvement practices
Aarntzen, L., Seijmonsbergen‐Schermers, A. E., Blom, R., Henrichs, J., & Derks, B. (2025) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2025.104371 · Cited by 5
Paternal Contributions to Biopsychosocial Outcomes of Children With Cancer: A Scoping Review
Olsavsky, A. L., Benhayoun, A., Lyman, E., Franklin, B., Ranalli, M. A., & Skeens, M. A. (2025) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.31752 · Cited by 4
Pilarz, A. R., & Walther, A. K. (2025) · Demography · doi:10.1215/00703370-11967231 · Cited by 4
Impact of Work from Home and Family Support on Indian Women’s Work Productivity During COVID-19
Kundra, S., Sreen, N., & Dwivedi, R. (2023) · Vikalpa The Journal for Decision Makers · doi:10.1177/02560909231162918 · Cited by 12
Gender Division of Childcare and the Social Investment Approach to Welfare State in South Korea
An, M. Y. (2018) · Korean Journal of Child Studies · doi:10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.4.129 · Cited by 4
Latham, R. M., Mark, K. M., & Oliver, B. R. (2019) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2019.1667411 · Cited by 4
When Mom Earns More Than Dad: The Parenting Experience in Light of New Earning Patterns
Kulik, L., & Ramon, D. (2020) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x20940380 · Cited by 4
Parent–Child Anxiety Symptoms in Emerging Adults: Moderation by Gender and Religiosity
Stearns, M. A., & McKinney, C. (2021) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x20985905 · Cited by 4
Head Start and Nonresident Fathers' Involvement with Children
Haralampoudis, A., Nepomnyaschy, L., & Donnelly, L. (2021) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12756 · Cited by 4
Zhang, Y., & Axinn, W. G. (2021) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102626 · Cited by 4
Consequences of Teen Parenthood for Teen Mothers and Fathers in Canada
Wright, L. L., Knudson, S., & Johnson, M. D. (2021) · Canadian Studies in Population · doi:10.1007/s42650-021-00060-0 · Cited by 4
“More Than Just a Manicure” Qualitative Experiences of Maternal Self-Care During COVID-19
Lax, E. S., Graziosi, M., Gioia, A. N., Arunagiri, V., & Novak, S. A. (2023) · Women s Health Reports · doi:10.1089/whr.2023.0081 · Cited by 4
Kim, K. W., Wallander, J. L., & Kim, B. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21020176 · Cited by 4
Kim, S., & Chin, M. (2016) · 한국가정관리학회지 · doi:10.7466/jkhma.2016.34.5.1 · Cited by 4
Cusatis, R. N., & Garbarski, D. (2018) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.10.002 · Cited by 6
Musick, K., Dunifon, R. E., Meier, A., & Flood, S. (2014) · Cited by 4
The Type of Support that Adult Children Solicit from Their Mothers in European Welfare Systems
López, M. D. M.-L. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0345-4 · Cited by 4
La ambivalencia ante la corresponsabilidad parental en España: una cuestión de género
Mínguez, A. M. (2016) · Revista de Estudios de Género La Ventana · doi:10.32870/lv.v5i42.5713 · Cited by 4
Lavrič, M., Flere, S., & Cupar, T. (2018) · Journal of Comparative Family Studies · doi:10.3138/jcfs.49.2.141 · Cited by 4
Parenting style and the active involvement of fathers in child-rearing
Nemet, M. B., Vrdoljak, G., & Budaić, V. L. (2021) · JAHR · doi:10.21860/j.12.1.6 · Cited by 4
Crocetto, J. (2018) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 4
Gender Wage Gap and Child Employment Penalty Across CountriesPreprint
Chu, Y. L., Cuffe, H. E., & Doan, N. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3584920 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Raley, S., Bianchi, S. M., & Wang, W.
- Affiliations
- McDaniel College (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Pew Research Center (US)
- ORCID
- Wang, Wendy
- Venue
- American Journal of Sociology
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1422-1459
- ISSN
- 0002-9602 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5390
- PMC
- PMC4568757
- OpenAlex
- W1672615387
- Cited by
- 477
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 40.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24HD041022)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
- Keywords
- father involvement in childcare, maternal employment, household earnings, gender division of labor, time diary data, child care, married couples
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review