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The Market for Electric Vehicles: Indirect Network Effects and Policy Design
Open accessAbstract
The market for plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) exhibits indirect network effects in that there is interdependence between consumer decision of EV purchase and investor decision of charging station deployment. Through a stylized model, we demonstrate that indirect network effects on both sides of the market lead to feedback loops which could amplify shocks and alter the diffusion process of the new technology. The relative strength of indirect network effects on the two sides of the market has important implications on policy design. Based on quarterly EV sales and charging station deployment in 353 Metro areas from 2011 to 2013, our empirical analysis finds indirect network effects on both sides of the market with those on the EV demand side being stronger. The federal income tax credit of up to $7,500 for EV buyers contributed to 40% of the EV sales during 2011-2013 with feedback loops explaining 40% of that increase. A policy of equal-sized spending but subsidizing charging station deployment would have been more than twice as effective in promoting EV adoption.
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Cites
Chicken & Egg: Competition among Intermediation Service Providers
Caillaud, B., & Jullien, B. (2003) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1593720 · Cited by 1,799
Conspicuous conservation: The Prius halo and willingness to pay for environmental bona fides
Sexton, S. E., & Sexton, A. L. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2013.11.004 · Cited by 413
Software exclusivity and the scope of indirect network effects in the U.S. home video game market
Corts, K. S., & Lederman, M. (2009) · International Journal of Industrial Organization · doi:10.1016/j.ijindorg.2008.08.002 · Cited by 218
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Funke, S. Á., Sprei, F., Gnann, T., & Plötz, P. (2019) · Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.10.024 · Cited by 363
Bonges, H. A., & Lusk, A. C. (2016) · Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2015.09.011 · Cited by 315
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He, F., Xie, G., & Luo, J. (2020) · Friction · doi:10.1007/s40544-019-0356-5 · Cited by 303
Providing the Spark: Impact of financial incentives on battery electric vehicle adoption
Clinton, B. C., & Steinberg, D. C. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2019.102255 · Cited by 201
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, S., Tong, L., Xing, J., & Zhou, Y.
- Venue
- Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 89-133
- ISSN
- 2333-5955 (ISSN-L)
- 2333-5963
- OpenAlex
- W3125469821
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 8.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Li, S., Tong, L., Xing, J., & Zhou, Y. (2017). The Market for Electric Vehicles: Indirect Network Effects and Policy Design. Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. https://doi.org/10.1086/689702
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