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Cited by 13Marine Sponges and Natural ProductsMarine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyEchinoderm biology and ecology

Stolonial Movement: A New Type of Whole-Organism Behavior in Porifera

Lavrov, Andrey I., Kosevich, Igor A.·2018·The Biological Bulletin
DOI 10.1086/697113
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Abstract

Sponges (phylum Porifera) traditionally are represented as inactive, sessile filter-feeding animals devoid of any behavior except filtering activity. However, different time-lapse techniques demonstrate that sponges are able to show a wide range of coordinated but slow whole-organism behavior. The present study concerns a peculiar type of such behavior in the psychrophilic demosponge Amphilectus lobatus: stolonial movement. During stolonial movement, sponges produce outgrowths (stolons) that crawl along a substrate with a speed of 4.4 ± 2.2 μm min−1 and branch, thus forming a complex net covering a considerable area of a substrate. This net is used by sponges to search for new points with appropriate environmental conditions for individual relocation. After such points are found, all cells of the parental sponge migrate through stolons, leaving a naked parental skeleton, forming one or several filial sponges in the new location. Thus, stolonial movement combines traits of crawling along the substrate and asexual reproduction. This behavior relies on massive cell dedifferentiation followed by coordinated cell migration to the point of new sponge body formation and their subsequent differentiation into specialized cell types.

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  • Animals of the pre-Cambrian period could probably sense and react to environmental changes and possibly control their own movement to some degree, but their movement was slow and their behaviours consisted of direct responses to their environment.

    “Though animals of this period could probably sense and react to environmental changes and possibly control their own movement to some degree (as in sponges today [32]), their movement was slow and their behaviours consisted of direct responses to their environment.”

    From The social origins of consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [32]

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  • The social origins of consciousness

    Andrews, K., & Miller, N. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2024.0300 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

    “Though animals of this period could probably sense and react to environmental changes and possibly control their own movement to some degree (as in sponges today [32]), their movement was slow and their behaviours consisted of direct responses to their environment.”

Related

Authors
Lavrov, A. I., & Kosevich, I. A.
Affiliations
Lomonosov Moscow State University (RU)
Corresponding author
  • Lavrov, Andrey I.
  • Kosevich, Igor A.
ORCID
Venue
The Biological Bulletin
Publisher
University of Chicago Press
Published
2018-02
Volume
234
Issue
1
Pages
58-67
ISSN
  • 0006-3185 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-8697
DOI
10.1086/697113
OpenAlex
W2795373938
Cited by
13
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
FWCI
1.26
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Biological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Marine Sponges and Natural Products
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Echinoderm biology and ecology
Keywords
sponges, demosponges, runners, asexual reproduction, dedifferentiation, cell migration, sponge skeleton
MeSH terms
Animals, Behavior, Animal, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Porifera

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