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CIRCUMPLANETARY DISK FORMATION
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The development and evolution of a circumplanetary disk during the accretion of a giant planet is examined. The planet gains mass and angular momentum from infalling solar nebula material while simultaneously contracting due to luminosity losses. When the planet becomes rotationally unstable it begins to shed material into a circumplanetary disk. Viscosity causes the disk to spread to a moderate fraction of the Hill radius where it is assumed that a small fraction of the material escapes back into heliocentric orbit, carrying away most of the excess angular momentum. As the planet's contraction continues, its radius can become smaller than the spatial range of the inflow and material begins to fall directly onto the disk, which switches from a spin-out disk to an accretion disk as the planet completes its growth. We here develop a description of the circumplanetary disk, which is combined with models of the planet's contraction and the inflow rate including its angular momentum content to yield a solution for the time evolution of a planet–disk system.
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“For the Galilean satellites forming in the Jovian circumplanetary disk after dissipation, smaller values of ξ ∼ 0 . 1 -0 . 2 are found (Canup & Ward 2002; Magni & Coradini 2004; Ward & Canup 2010).”
From Mass and period limits on the ringed companion transiting the young star J1407 (2015) · cites this paper as Ward & Canup 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Recent explorations of circumplanetary disks separate the disk evolution into two phases (Alibert et al. 2005;Ward & Canup 2010).”
From PLANETARY CONSTRUCTION ZONES IN OCCULTATION: DISCOVERY OF AN EXTRASOLAR RING SYSTEM TRANSITING A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR DETECTING ECLIPSES BY CIRCUMSECONDARY AND CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS (2012) · cites this paper as Ward & Canup 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The lifetime of the second phase of Jupiter's circumstellar disk is estimated to be of order a million years (Canup & Ward 2002;Alibert et al. 2005;Ward & Canup 2010).”
From PLANETARY CONSTRUCTION ZONES IN OCCULTATION: DISCOVERY OF AN EXTRASOLAR RING SYSTEM TRANSITING A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR DETECTING ECLIPSES BY CIRCUMSECONDARY AND CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS (2012) · cites this paper as Ward & Canup 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The existence of circumplanetary disks after the dissipation of the protosolar (circumstellar) nebular disk has been postulated from formation scenarios for the Galilean satellites (Canup & Ward 2002;Magni & Coradini 2004;Ward & Canup 2010).”
From PLANETARY CONSTRUCTION ZONES IN OCCULTATION: DISCOVERY OF AN EXTRASOLAR RING SYSTEM TRANSITING A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR DETECTING ECLIPSES BY CIRCUMSECONDARY AND CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS (2012) · cites this paper as Ward & Canup 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“After the gas is cleared out of the planetary system, dust in the circumplanetary disk then accretes into moons or remains as a ring system within the Roche limit of the planet (Canup & Ward 2002;Magni & Coradini 2004;Ward & Canup 2010).”
From MODELING GIANT EXTRASOLAR RING SYSTEMS IN ECLIPSE AND THE CASE OF J1407B: SCULPTING BY EXOMOONS? (2015) · cites this paper as Ward & Canup 2010
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Self-citationIonized Envelopes Around Protoplanets and the Role of Radiative Feedback in Gas Accretion
Montesinos, M., Garrido-Deutelmoser, J., Cuadra, J., Sucerquia, M., Cuello, N., Schreiber, M. R., Ronco, M. P., & Guilera, O. M. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc392 · Cited by 3
The habitable zone for Earth-like exomoons orbiting Kepler-1625b
Forgan, D. H. (2019) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550418000514 · Cited by 3
Semianalytical Accretion-tracer Emission: Forming Planets Are Intrinsically Faint
Marleau, G.-D. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae2604 · Cited by 2
Exomoons and Exorings with the Habitable Worlds Observatory. II. Finding “Endor” with Lunar Eclipses
Limbach, M. A., Dacus, B., Kotten, B., Lane, E., Lustig‐Yaeger, J., MacDonald, R. J., Robinson, T. D., Ruffio, J.-B., & Vanderburg, A. M. (2026) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae3f20 · Cited by 4
Shibaike, Y., Okuzumi, S., Ueda, T., Doi, K., & Fukagawa, M. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae86f5 · Cited by 1
Gas Accretion Flow onto Circum-Planetary Disks
Tanigawa, T., Ohtsuki, K., & Machida, M. N. (2011) · LPI · Cited by 1
Giant Planet Formation and Migration
Paardekooper, S.-J., & Johansen, A. (2018) · Space sciences series of ISSI · doi:10.1007/978-94-024-1628-2_8 · Cited by 1
Russell, J. L. (2011) · The Atrium (University of Guelph) · Cited by 1
Perryman, M. A. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108304160.005 · Cited by 1
Enhanced thermal radiation from a tidally heated exomoon with a single hotspot
Jäger, Z., & Szabó, G. M. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2955
Brown dwarfs and free-floating planets
Perryman, M. A. C. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511994852.010
Mitchell, T. R. (2014) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)
Perryman, M. A. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108304160.009
Perryman, M. A. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108304160.015
Perryman, M. A. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108304160.016
Brown dwarfs and free-floating planets
Perryman, M. A. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108304160.010
Perryman, M. A. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108304160.004
Perryman, M. A. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108304160.013
Perryman, M. A. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108304160.007 · Cited by 1
Perryman, M. A. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108304160.018
Perryman, M. A. C. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108304160.001
Metadata
- Authors
- Ward, W. R., & Canup, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Southwest Research Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Canup, Robin M.
- Venue
- The Astronomical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2010-10-01
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1168-1193
- ISSN
- 0004-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-3881
- OpenAlex
- W1966412445
- Semantic Scholar
- 1d57a2571af074621056b5f6700ff83ad1a21af1
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astronomical Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- circumplanetary disks, giant planet formation, planetary accretion, angular momentum transport, accretion disks, disk viscosity, Hill radius
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