THE ACTIVE ASTEROIDS
Open accessAbstract
Some asteroids eject dust, unexpectedly producing transient, comet-like comae and tails. First ascribed to the sublimation of near-surface water ice, mass-losing asteroids (also called "main-belt comets") can in fact be driven by a surprising diversity of mechanisms. In this paper, we consider 11 dynamical asteroids losing mass, in nine of which the ejected material is spatially resolved. We address mechanisms for producing mass loss including rotational instability, impact ejection, electrostatic repulsion, radiation pressure sweeping, dehydration stresses, and thermal fracture, in addition to the sublimation of ice. In two objects (133P and 238P) the repetitive nature of the observed activity leaves ice sublimation as the only reasonable explanation, while in a third ((596) Scheila), a recent impact is the cause. Another impact may account for activity in P/2010 A2, but this tiny object can also be explained as having shed mass after reaching rotational instability. Mass loss from (3200) Phaethon is probably due to cracking or dehydration at extreme (∼1000 K) perihelion temperatures, perhaps aided by radiation pressure sweeping. For the other bodies, the mass-loss mechanisms remain unidentified, pending the acquisition of more and better data. While the active asteroid sample size remains small, the evidence for an astonishing diversity of mass-loss processes in these bodies is clear.
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LSST will increase the sample of active asteroids or main belt comets to about 100.
“Only a few such objects are currently known ( Jewitt et al. 2011; Jewitt 2012 ) ; LSST will increase the sample of such objects to ∼ 100.”
From LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products (2019) · cites this paper as Jewitt 2012
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InfluentialPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MAIN-BELT COMET P/2005 U1 (READ)
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InfluentialInterplanetary Magnetic Field Enhancements and Their Association with the Asteroid 2201 Oljato
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“Curiously, 107P was re-observed on November 22 and 25 but then showed no trace of a tail (Cunningham 1950), and no comet-like activity has been reported since (Lowry & Weissman 2003; Ishiguro et al. 2011).”
MAIN-BELT COMET 238P/READ REVISITED
Hsieh, H. H., Meech, K. J., & Pittichová, J. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/736/1/l18 · Cited by 61 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Discovered in 2006 and first observed to be active on UT 2011 August 30 (Hsieh et al. 2011a), little is yet known about this object.”
InfluentialCombined effect of YORP and collisions on the rotation rate of small Main Belt asteroids
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“In fact, for sub-kilometer main-belt objects the YORP spin-up timescale is less than the timescale for collisional disruption (Marzari et al. 2011; Jacobson & Scheeres 2011).”
The shock wave equation of state of brucite Mg(OH)2
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Analysis of POSS Images of Comet–Asteroid Transition Object 107P/1949 W1 (Wilson–Harrington)
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“Fernández et al. (1997) analyzed two photographic plates taken on 1949 November 19, when at R = 1.148 AU.”
InfluentialDesign Analysis in Rock Mechanics
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“Unfortunately, the published surveys for active asteroids so far either are biased (Hsieh 2009) or, if unbiased, detected no objects and so provide insufficient information (Gilbert & Wiegert 2009, 2010; Sonnett et al. 2011).”
Dynamical constraints on the origin of Main Belt comets
Haghighipour, N. (2009) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.tb01995.x · Cited by 50 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Hsieh et al. (2011c) show (neglecting possible non-gravitational forces due to outgassing) that the orbit of P/2010 R2 is stable on timescales ∼100 Myr and argue that this object was likely formed in situ.”
Surface heterogeneity of 2005 UD from photometric observations
Kinoshita, D., Ohtsuka, K., Sekiguchi, T., Watanabe, J.-I., Itô, T., Arakida, H., Kasuga, T., Miyasaka, S., Nakamura, R., & Lin, H. C. (2007) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066276 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MAIN-BELT COMET 176P/LINEAR
Hsieh, H. H., Ishiguro, M., Lacerda, P., & Jewitt, D. C. (2011) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/1/29 · Cited by 49 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Discovered in 2006 and first observed to be active on UT 2011 August 30 (Hsieh et al. 2011a), little is yet known about this object.”
InfluentialSelf-citationTakasawa, S., Nakamura, A., Kadono, T., Arakawa, M., Dohi, K., Ohno, S., Seto, Y., Maeda, M., Shigemori, K., Hironaka, Y., et al. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/733/2/l39 · Cited by 47 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A wider range of power laws (from q = 3 to as steep as q = 6) has been reported in small-scale, hypervelocity impact experiments (Takasawa et al. 2011).”
OBSERVATIONS OF 1999 YC AND THE BREAKUP OF THE GEMINID STREAM PARENT
Kasuga, T., & Jewitt, D. (2008) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/2/881 · Cited by 47 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This object is dynamically associated with the Geminid meteor stream (e.g., Williams & Wu 1993) and with several other small asteroids including 2005 UD (Ohtsuka et al. 2006; Jewitt & Hsieh 2006; Konoshita et al. 2007) and 1999 YC (Ohtsuka et al. 2008; Kasuga & Jewitt 2008).”
Self-citationTHE DUST ENVIRONMENT OF MAIN-BELT COMET P/2010 R2 (LA SAGRA)
Moreno, F., Lara, L. M., Licandro, J., Ortiz, J. L., de León, J., Alí-Lagoa, V., Agı́s-González, B., & Molina, A. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/738/1/l16 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Hawaii trails project: comet-hunting in the main asteroid belt
Hsieh, H. H. (2009) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912342/pdf · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Main Belt Comets: A new class of small bodies in the solar system
Bertini, I. (2011) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.014 · Cited by 41 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A recent and complementary discussion focused on observational properties has been offered by Bertini (2011).”
ROTATION STATE OF COMET 103P/HARTLEY 2 FROM RADIO SPECTROSCOPY AT 1 mm
Drahus, M., Jewitt, D. C., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Waniak, W., Hoge, J., Lis, D. C., Yoshida, H., Peng, R., & Sievers, A. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/734/1/l4 · Cited by 35 · cited 1× · see citing works
“An object losing mass through sublimation can, depending on the rate and angular dependence of the mass loss, experience a torque orders of magnitude larger than torques due to either collisions or YORP, quickly being driven toward rotational breakup (cf. Drahus et al. 2011).”
Self-citationLimits on the size and orbit distribution of main belt comets
Sonnett, S. M., Kleyna, J. T., Robert Jedicke, B., & Masiero, J. R. (2011) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.08.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The quasi-Hilda subgroup of ecliptic comets – an update
Tóth, I. (2006) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053492 · Cited by 32 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As an example, the quasiHilda comets at a ∼ 4.0 AU have TJ ∼ 2.9–3.04 but are clearly interacting with Jupiter through the 3:2 mean-motion resonance (Toth 2006).”
InfluentialSearching for main-belt comets using the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey
Gilbert, A. M., & Wiegert, P. (2009) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.01.011 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Unfortunately, the published surveys for active asteroids so far either are biased (Hsieh 2009) or, if unbiased, detected no objects and so provide insufficient information (Gilbert & Wiegert 2009, 2010; Sonnett et al. 2011).”
WATER-ICE-DRIVEN ACTIVITY ON MAIN-BELT COMET P/2010 A2 (LINEAR)?
Moreno, F., Licandro, J., Tozzi, G. P., Ortiz, J. L., Cabrera-Lavers, A., Augusteijn, T., Liimets, T., Lindberg, J. E., Pursimo, T., Rodríguez-Gil, P., et al. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/718/2/l132 · Cited by 29 · cited 3× · see citing works
“(Note that an opposite conclusion was reached by Moreno et al. 2010 but based on limited data.)”
Rotation State of Comet 103P/Hartley 2 from Radio Spectroscopy at 1 mm
Drahus, M., Jewitt, D. C., Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., Waniak, W., Hoge, J., Lis, D. C., Yoshida, H., Peng, R., & Sievers, A. (2011) · HAL · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationGilbert, A. M., & Wiegert, P. (2010) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.016 · Cited by 26 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Unfortunately, the published surveys for active asteroids so far either are biased (Hsieh 2009) or, if unbiased, detected no objects and so provide insufficient information (Gilbert & Wiegert 2009, 2010; Sonnett et al. 2011).”
NEAR-INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF COMET-LIKE ASTEROID (596) SCHEILA
Yang, B., & Hsieh, H. H. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/737/2/l39 · Cited by 24 · cited 1× · see citing works
“No ice was observed in the coma (Yang & Hsieh 2011).”
SEARCH FOR THE COMET ACTIVITY OF 107P/(4015) WILSON-HARRINGTON DURING THE 2009/2010 APPARITION
Ishiguro, M., Ham, J.-B., Tholen, D. J., Elliott, G. T., Micheli, M., Niwa, T., Sakamoto, M., Matsuda, K., Urakawa, S., Yoshimoto, K., et al. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/726/2/101 · Cited by 20 · cited 4× · see citing works
“For P/2010 A2 this is ∼0.1 m s−1, allowing large, slow grains to persist for >1 yr after impact, while, for Scheila, particles ejected at less than the 60 or 70 m s−1 escape speed simply fell back on the surface (Jewitt et al. 2011b; Ishiguro et al. 2011).”
InfluentialShort-period comets and apollo-amor-aten type asteroids in view of tisserand invariant
Kosai, H. (1992) · Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy · doi:10.1007/bf00049556 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Licandro, J., Campins, H., Kelley, M., Fernández, Y., Delbò, M., Reach, W. T., Groussin, O., Lamy, P., Tóth, I., A'Hearn, M. F., et al. (2009) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913116 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
THERMAL SHADOWS AND COMPOSITIONAL STRUCTURE IN COMET NUCLEI
Guilbert-Lepoutre, A., & Jewitt, D. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/743/1/31 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationPRE-DISCOVERY OBSERVATIONS OF DISRUPTING ASTEROID P/2010 A2
Jewitt, D., Stuart, J. S., & Li, J. (2011) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/1/28 · Cited by 16 · cited 20× · see citing works
“The phenomenon has not been observed to repeat, but comparable observations when near perihelion are difficult to secure because of the small angular separation from the Sun.”
InfluentialSelf-citationHistorical Perspective on Computational Star Formation
Larson, R. B. (2010) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921311000093 · Cited by 15 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The outburst brightness was ∼1 mag brighter than the bare asteroid (Larson 2010; Jewitt et al. 2011b).”
Photometric observations of 107P/Wilson–Harrington
Urakawa, S., Okumura, S.-I., Nishiyama, K., Sakamoto, T., Takahashi, N., Abe, S., Ishiguro, M., Kitazato, K., Kuroda, D., Hasegawa, S., et al. (2011) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.06.044 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Historical Perspective on Computational Star FormationPreprint
Larson, R. B. (2016) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Application of a convective heat source to the thermal fracturing of rock
Lauriello, P. J. (1974) · International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts · doi:10.1016/0148-9062(74)92651-5 · Cited by 12 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The expansivities of common rocks are α ∼ 10−5 K−1 (Lauriello 1974; Richter & Simmons 1974).”
Licandro, J., Campins, H., Kelley, M. S. P., Fernández, Y. R., Delbò, M., Reach, W. T., Groussin, O., Lamy, P., Tóth, I., A’Hearn, M. F., et al. (2009) · Open Research Online (The Open University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0910.0116 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
On the origin of interplanetary dust within recorded history
Reach, W. T. (1992) · Meteoritics · doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1992.tb00216.x · Cited by 5 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Extreme brightening caused by impact has been suggested as an explanation of “guest stars” recorded in ancient Chinese records (Reach 1992).”
岩石の割れ目の程度を決定する一方法(Int.J.Rock Meck.Min.Sci.& Geomech.Abstr.Vol.11,1974)
Hansagi, I., 大見, 美., & 松木, 浩. (1975) · Journal of the Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kadono, T., Sugita, S., Ootsubo, T., Sako, S., Miyata, T., Furusho, R., Honda, M., Kawakita, H., & Watanabe, J.-I. (2010) · Earth Planets and Space · doi:10.5047/eps.2008.12.005 · Cited by 1 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The size distribution of the ejecta from NASA’s Deep Impact mission to comet 9P/Tempel 1 has been modeled as a power law (Kadono et al. 2010).”
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 96 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
Ivezić, Ž., Kahn, S. M., Tyson, J. A., Abel, B., Acosta, E., Allsman, R., Alonso, D., AlSayyad, Y., Anderson, S. F., Andrew, J., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c · Cited by 4,357 · see citing works
“Only a few such objects are currently known (Jewitt et al. 2011; Jewitt 2012); LSST will increase the sample of such objects to ∼100.”
BackgroundThe Zwicky Transient Facility: Science Objectives
Graham, M., Kulkarni, S., Bellm, E., Adams, S., Barbarino, C., Blagorodnova, N., Bodewits, D., Bolin, B., Brady, P., Cenko, S., et al. (2019) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ab006c · Cited by 613 · see citing works
“…events such as cometary outbursts and fragmentation events (Ye et al. 2015; Ishiguro et al. 2016), collisions between asteroids (Snodgrass et al. 2010; Bodewits et al. 2011), unexpected or irregular activity in asteroids (Jewitt 2012; Waszczak et al. 2013; Ye 2017) and Centaurs (Jewitt 2009).”
BackgroundAlexander, C. M. O., Bowden, R., Fogel, M. L., Howard, K. T., Herd, C. D. K., & Nittler, L. R. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223474 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Solar System evolution from compositional mapping of the asteroid belt
DeMeo, F. E., & Carry, B. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12908 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Thermal fatigue as the origin of regolith on small asteroids
Delbò, M., Libourel, G., Wilkerson, J. W., Murdoch, N., Patrick Michel, B., Ramesh, K. T., Ganino, C., Vérati, C., & Marchi, S. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13153 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Localized sources of water vapour on the dwarf planet (1) Ceres
Küppers, M., O’Rourke, L., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Zakharov, V. V., Lee, S., von Allmen, P., Carry, B., Teyssier, D., Marston, A. P., Muller, T. G., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12918 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Water delivery and giant impacts in the 'Grand Tack' scenario
O'Brien, D., Walsh, K., Morbidelli, A., Raymond, S., & Mandell, A. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.009 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
“This value is probably conservative given that asteroids known as main-belt comets appear to have a much larger water content than this (Jewitt, 2012).”
Super-catastrophic disruption of asteroids at small perihelion distances
Granvik, M., Morbidelli, A., Robert Jedicke, B., Bolin, B., Bottke, W. F., Beshore, E. C., Vokrouhlický, D., Delbò, M., & Patrick Michel, B. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16934 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
The Stardust Mission: Analyzing Samples from the Edge of the Solar System
Brownlee, D. E. (2014) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-050212-124203 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Thirty Meter Telescope Detailed Science Case: 2015
Skidmore, W. (2015) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/15/12/001 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Episodes of particle ejection from the surface of the active asteroid (101955) Bennu
LAURETTA, D. S., Hergenrother, C. W., Chesley, S. R., Leonard, J. M., Pelgrift, J., Adam, C. D., Asad, M. M. A., Antreasian, P. G., Ballouz, R., Becker, K. J., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aay3544 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“Multiple ejection mechanisms have been suggested to explain asteroid activity, including collisions, water-ice sublimation, rotational destabilization, thermal fracturing, and dehydration (8).”
BackgroundOrigin and Evolution of the Cometary Reservoirs
Luke Dones, B., Brasser, R., Kaib, N. A., & Rickman, H. (2015) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-015-0223-2 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
STIS CORONAGRAPHIC IMAGING OF FOMALHAUT: MAIN BELT STRUCTURE AND THE ORBIT OF FOMALHAUT<i>b</i>
Kalas, P., Graham, J. R., Fitzgerald, M. P., & Clampin, M. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/775/1/56 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“An alternative to a collision is tidal, thermal and/or spin breakup of a weak planetesimal (e.g., Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundBeck, P., Garenne, A., Quirico, É., Bonal, L., Montes-Hernandez, G., Moynier, F., & Schmitt, B. (2013) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.10.019 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Water Reservoirs in Small Planetary Bodies: Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets
Alexander, C. M. O. '., McKeegan, K., & Altwegg, K. (2018) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0474-9 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
THE DUST TAIL OF ASTEROID (3200) PHAETHON
Jewitt, D. C., Li, J., & Agarwal, J. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/771/2/l36 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“Thermal fracture and cracking due to desiccation shrinkage of hydrated silicates are two processes capable of both producing the dust and ejecting it from the surface (Jewitt & Li 2010; Jewitt 2012; Li & Jewitt 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationImages from the surface of asteroid Ryugu show rocks similar to carbonaceous chondrite meteorites
Jaumann, R., Schmitz, N., Ho, T., Schröder, S. E., Otto, K. A., Stephan, K., Elgner, S., Krohn, K., Preusker, F., Scholten, F., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaw8627 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The Delivery of Water During Terrestrial Planet Formation
O'Brien, D. P., Izidoro, A., Jacobson, S. A., Raymond, S. N., & Rubie, D. C. (2018) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0475-8 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“ing from the giant planet region may be conservative, given that main-belt comets may have a much larger water content than this (Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialINTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES AS SAMPLES OF ICY ASTEROIDS
Vernazza, P., Marsset, M., Beck, P., Binzel, R. P., Birlan, M., Brunetto, R., DeMeo, F. E., Djouadi, Z., Dumas, C., Merouane, S., et al. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/806/2/204 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“…at the surface; e.g., Hsieh & Jewitt 2006; Campins et al. 2010; Rivkin & Emery 2010; Licandro et al. 2011; Carry 2012; Hargrove et al. 2012, 2015; Jewitt 2012; Marchis et al. 2012; Takir & Emery 2012; Küppers et al. 2014; Hui & Jewitt 2015) that suggest that icy bodies are abundant in the…”
BackgroundLandslides and Mass shedding on spinning spheroidal asteroids
Scheeres, D. J. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.017 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“Also investigated are connections between surface slope failures on rapidly spinning bodies and the recent observations of “active asteroids”, with multiple apparent shedding events occurring over a relatively brief time span [21, 23, 22, 12].”
BackgroundRECURRENT PERIHELION ACTIVITY IN (3200) PHAETHON
Li, J., & Jewitt, D. C. (2013) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/6/154 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“The perihelion temperatures on Phaethon exceed those needed to break-down phyllosilicates (Akai 1992), and are sufficient to induce thermal fracture (Paper I, Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDISINTEGRATING ASTEROID P/2013 R3
Jewitt, D. C., Agarwal, J., Li, J., Weaver, H., Mutchler, M. J., & Larson, S. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/784/1/l8 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“The combination of asteroid-like orbit and comet-like appearance together qualify R3 as an active asteroid (Jewitt 2012) or, equivalently, a main-belt comet (Hsieh and Jewitt 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTHE EXTRAORDINARY MULTI-TAILED MAIN-BELT COMET P/2013 P5
Jewitt, D. C., Agarwal, J., Weaver, H., Mutchler, M. J., & Larson, S. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/778/1/l21 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Processes invoked to explain mass loss from asteroids include sublimation of near surface ice, electrostatic levitation of dust, impact, and rotational instability (Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNew Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects: Toward a Super-Earth in the Outer Solar System
Sheppard, S. S., & Trujillo, C. (2016) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/152/6/221 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“This object is now classified as an active asteroid (Jewitt 2012; Hsieh et al. 2015) and was found to be part of the Hygiea outer main belt asteroid family with a fast rotation period.”
BackgroundORBITAL DYNAMICS IN THE VICINITY OF ASTEROID 216 KLEOPATRA
Yu, Y., & Baoyin, H. (2012) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/143/3/62 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
RECURRENT PERIHELION ACTIVITY IN (3200) PHAETHON
Li, J., & Jewitt, D. C. (2013) · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationAstrobiology and the Possibility of Life on Earth and Elsewhere…
Cottin, H., Kotler, J. M., Bartik, K., Cleaves, H. J., Cockell, C. S., Vera, J.-P. P. D., Ehrenfreund, P., Leuko, S., ten Kate, I. L., Martins, Z., et al. (2015) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-015-0196-1 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“…instance, it has been claimed that the Orgueil CI type chondritic meteorite could be a comet (Gounelle et al. 2006), while comet-like activity ( i.e. water outgassing) is observed for some objects of the asteroid belt (so called “main belt comets” or “active asteroids”) (Bertini 2011; Jewitt 2012).”
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPEINVESTIGATION OF MAIN-BELT COMET 133P/ELST-PIZARRO
Jewitt, D. C., Ishiguro, M., Weaver, H. A., Agarwal, J., Mutchler, M. J., & Larson, S. (2014) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/117 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“No gas has yet been spectroscopically detected in any of the active asteroids, but the available limits to gas production are consistent with the very low ( 1 kg s−1) mass-loss rates inferred from dust (Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationFOMALHAUT b: INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF THEHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPEPUBLIC ARCHIVE DATA
Galicher, R., Marois, C., Zuckerman, B., & Macintosh, B. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/769/1/42 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Jewitt (2012) assumes the particles have radii in the range 0.1µm . a .”
BackgroundInfluentialA criterion to classify asteroids and comets based on the orbital parameters
Tancredi, G. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.02.013 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The Science of Sungrazers, Sunskirters, and Other Near-Sun Comets
Jones, G. H., Knight, M. M., Battams, K., Boice, D. C., Brown, J. C., Giordano, S., RAYMOND, J. C., Snodgrass, C., Steckloff, J. K., WEISSMAN, P. R., et al. (2017) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-017-0446-5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Light curves and colours of the ejecta from Dimorphos after the DART impact
Graykowski, A., Lambert, R. A., Marchis, F., Cazeneuve, D., Dalba, P. A., Esposito, T. M., Peluso, D. O., Sgro, L. A., Blaclard, G., Borot, A., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05852-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
CONSTRAINTS ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MAIN BELT COMET P/2013 R3 FROM ITS BREAKUP EVENT
Hirabayashi, M., Scheeres, D. J., Sánchez, D. P., & Gabriel, T. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/789/1/l12 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“A survey of recent observations is given in Jewitt (2012); however, since that time, there have been several additional and striking examples of this phenomenon (Jewitt et al. 2013, 2014).”
Nugent, C., Margot, J., Chesley, S. R., & Vokrouhlický, D. (2012) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/144/2/60 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“Mass loss rates of active asteroids have been estimated to be in the range from ≤ 0.04 kg s−1 (113P/Elst-Pizarro) to ≤ 150 kg s−1 (107P/Wilson-Harrington) (Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialDISCOVERY OF MAIN-BELT COMET P/2006 VW139 BY Pan-STARRS1
Hsieh, H. H., Yang, B., Haghighipour, N., Kaluna, H., Fitzsimmons, A., Denneau, L., Novaković, B., Jedicke, R., Wainscoat, R., Armstrong, J. D., et al. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/748/1/l15 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“…of each new discovered object will then be essential for first determining the most likely cause of the observed activity (cf. Hsieh et al. 2012a; Jewitt 2012), and then ascertaining the global properties of the population of objects confirmed as MBCs to better understand their implications for…”
BackgroundThe main-belt comets: The Pan-STARRS1 perspective
Hsieh, H., Denneau, L., Wainscoat, R., Schorghofer, N., Bolin, B., Fitzsimmons, A., Jedicke, R., Kleyna, J., Micheli, M., Veres, P., et al. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.031 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“means that in situ spacecraft studies are feasible given present-day technical capabilities. Collectively, MBCs and disrupted asteroids comprise the class of objects known as active asteroids (e.g., Jewitt, 2012). Orbits of small solar system bodies are typically classied as asteroidal or cometary using the Tisserand…”
BackgroundSolar System Physics for Exoplanet Research
Horner, J., Kane, S. R., Marshall, J. P., Dalba, P. A., Holt, T. R., Wood, J., Maynard-Casely, H. E., Wittenmyer, R., Lykawka, P. S., Hill, M., et al. (2020) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ab8eb9 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The bulk valence state of Fe and the origin of water in chondrites
Sutton, S. R., Alexander, C. M. O., Bryant, A. S., Lanzirotti, A., Newville, M. G., & Cloutis, E. A. (2017) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2017.05.021 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Kholshevnikov, K. V., Кохирова, Г. И., Babadzhanov, P. B., & Хамроев, У. Х. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1712 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Extraordinary Multi-tailed Main-belt Comet P/2013 P5
Jewitt, D. C., Agarwal, J., Weaver, H., Mutchler, M., & Larson, S. (2013) · Max Planck Digital Library · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationPotential Jupiter-Family comet contamination of the main asteroid belt
Hsieh, H. H., & Haghighipour, N. (2016) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.04.043 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“bodies known as active asteroids (Jewitt, 2012; Jewitt et al., 2015), which also includes disrupted asteroids, which are objects that exhibit cometlike activity that is produced by non-sublimationdriven effects such as impacts or rotational desta-”
BackgroundDisintegrating Asteroid P/2013 R3Preprint
Jewitt, D. C., Agarwal, J., Li, J., Weaver, H., Mutchler, M., & Larson, S. (2014) · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationExtremely strong polarization of an active asteroid (3200) Phaethon
Itô, T., Ishiguro, M., Arai, T., Imai, M., Sekiguchi, T., Bach, Y. P., Kwon, Y. G., Kobayashi, M., Ishimaru, R., Naito, H., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04727-2 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“(8) and (9) for ðq000 pol; u000 polÞ in Eq.”
A 2 km-size asteroid challenging the rubble-pile spin barrier – A case for cohesion
Polishook, D., Moskovitz, N., Binzel, R. P., Burt, B., DeMeo, F. E., Hinkle, M. L., Lockhart, M., Mommert, M., Person, M. J., Thirouin, A., et al. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.031 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Evolving comas or tails around active asteroids (Jewitt 2012) were previously noticeable in data from 1 m class telescopes on sub-km asteroids, with visible magnitude of ∼ 19.”
BackgroundInfluentialStream and sporadic meteoroids associated with near-Earth objects
Jopek, T. J., & Williams, I. P. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt057 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Data on 824 fireballs observed by the digital cameras of the European Fireball Network in 2017–2018
Borovička, J., Spurný, P., Shrbený, L., Štork, R., Kotková, L., Fuchs, J., Keclíková, J., Zichová, H., Manek, J., Váchová, P., et al. (2022) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244184 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
P/2006 VW139: a main-belt comet born in an asteroid collision?
Novaković, B., Hsieh, H. H., & Cellino, A. (2012) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21329.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“…from, their activity, although still not reliably understood, is likely triggered by the impact excavation of subsurface ice (Hsieh, Jewitt & Fernández 2004; Jewitt 2012) because completely exposed surface ice is unstable against sublimation at their heliocentric distances over Gyr time-scales.”
BackgroundUnraveling the Mechanics of Thermal Stress Weathering: Rate‐Effects, Size‐Effects, and Scaling Laws
Ravaji, B., Alí-Lagoa, V., Delbò, M., & Wilkerson, J. W. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2019je006019 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“…et al., 2020), near-Earth asteroids (Delbo et al., 2014; Dombard, Barnouin, Prockter, & Thomas, 2010; Graves, Minton, Molaro, & Hirabayashi, 2019; Jewitt, 2012), and perhaps comets (Alí-Lagoa, Delbo, & Libourel, 2015; El-Maarry et al., 2015; Pajola et al., 2017; Shestakova & Tambovtseva, 1997;…”
Anatomy of an Asteroid Breakup: The Case of P/2013 R3
Jewitt, D. C., Agarwal, J., Li, J., Weaver, H. A., Mutchler, M. J., & Larson, S. M. (2017) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa6a57 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Repetitive activity in the active asteroids, as in the comets, is most simply explained as reflecting the sublimation of near surface ice,although there is no efficient dynamical path from either comet reservoir to the asteroid belt (see Hsieh & Jewitt 2006; Jewitt 2012; Jewitt et al. 2015a).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAstronomical Observations of Volatiles on Asteroids
Rivkin, A. S., Campins, H., Emery, J. P., Howell, E. S., Licandro, J., Takir, D., & Vilas, F. (2015) · University of Arizona Press eBooks · doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch004 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“ave been proposed: sublimation of ice, rotational fission, ejection by collisions, electrostatic repulsion, thermal fracture, dehydration stresses, and radiation pressure sweeping (e.g. Bertini 2011, Jewitt 2012, and Jewitt et al. this volume), and at least some of the objects are best explained as experiencing proces…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe case of the missing Ceres family
Rivkin, A. S., Asphaug, E. I., & Bottke, W. F. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.007 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“At least two of the ‘‘activated asteroids’’ or ‘‘main belt comets’’ are members of the Themis family, or orbit nearby (Jewitt, 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSolar System Physics for Exoplanet Research
Horner, J., Kane, S. R., Marshall, J. P., Dalba, P. A., Holt, T. R., Wood, J., Maynard-Casely, H. E., Wittenmyer, R. A., Lykawka, P. S., Hill, M. L., et al. (2020) · Cited by 42 · see citing works
SUBLIMATION-DRIVEN ACTIVITY IN MAIN-BELT COMET 313P/GIBBS
Hsieh, H. H., Hainaut, O., Novaković, B., Bolin, B., Denneau, L., Fitzsimmons, A., Haghighipour, N., Kleyna, J., Kokotanekova, R., Lacerda, P., et al. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/800/1/l16 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“This behavior is naturally explained by thermally-modulated sublimation and extremely difficult to explain as a consequence of any physical disruption (Hsieh et al. 2012a; Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundA dearth of small particles in the transiting material around the white dwarf WD 1145+017
Xu, S., Rappaport, S., van Lieshout, R., Vanderburg, A. M., Gary, B. L., Hallakoun, N., Ivanov, V. D., Wyatt, M. C., DeVore, J. G., Bayliss, D., et al. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3023 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“1 µm) is prevalent in the interstellar medium (e.g. Mathis et al. 1977), while in the solar system the tails of comets and streams coming off the active asteroids can be a mixture of small and large grains (with s from sub-µm to cm), depending on the dust production mechanism (e.g. Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundDark Comets? Unexpectedly Large Nongravitational Accelerations on a Sample of Small Asteroids
Seligman, D. Z., Farnocchia, D., Micheli, M., Vokrouhlický, D., Taylor, A. G., Chesley, S. R., Bergner, J. B., Vereš, P., Hainaut, O., Meech, K. J., et al. (2023) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/acb697 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“A subset of asteroids are known to exhibit activity, also called active asteroids (Jewitt 2012; Hsieh 2017; Jewitt & Hsieh 2022).”
BackgroundInfluentialContinued activity in P/2013 P5 PANSTARRS
Hainaut, O., Boehnhardt, H., Snodgrass, C., Meech, K. J., Deller, J., Gillon, M., Jehin, E., Kuehrt, E., Lowry, S. C., Manfroid, J., et al. (2014) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322864 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
EPISODIC EJECTION FROM ACTIVE ASTEROID 311P/PANSTARRS
Jewitt, D. C., Agarwal, J., Weaver, H., Mutchler, M., & Larson, S. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/798/2/109 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“We compared several activity mechanisms (drawn from Jewitt 2012) with the available data.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationCHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVE MAIN BELT OBJECT P/2012 F5 (GIBBS): A POSSIBLE IMPACTED ASTEROID
Stevenson, R., Kramer, E. A., Bauer, J. M., Masiero, J. R., & Mainzer, A. K. (2012) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/759/2/142 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“For this work, we find that the terms “active asteroid” (Jewitt 2012), “activated asteroid” (Licandro & Campins 2010), “active main belt object” (Bauer et al. 2012), and the original definition of “main belt comet” (Hsieh & Jewitt 2006) all apply.”
BackgroundMAIN-BELT COMET P/2012 T1 (PANSTARRS)
Hsieh, H. H., Kaluna, H. M., Novaković, B., Yang, B., Haghighipour, N., Micheli, M., Denneau, L., Fitzsimmons, A., Robert Jedicke, B., Kleyna, J. T., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/771/1/l1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Episodically Active Asteroid 6478 Gault
Jewitt, D. C., Kim, Y., Luu, J. X., Rajagopal, J., Kotulla, R., Ridgway, S. E., & Liu, W. M. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab1be8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“This limit is comparable to values set spectroscopically on active asteroids (e.g., Jewitt 2012), smaller than the dust production rates inferred in Section 2.2, and 102 to 103 times smaller than commonly measured in short-period comets.”
ResultInfluentialSelf-citationSix Years of Sustained Activity in (6478) Gault
Chandler, C. O., Kueny, J. K., Gustafsson, A., Trujillo, C. A., Robinson, T. D., & Trilling, D. E. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab1aaa · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…(3) Tisserand parameters with respect to Jupiter TJ>3; TJ describes an object’s orbital relationship to Jupiter by T a a a e a i2 1 cos 1J J 2 J = + -( ) ( ) ( ) where aJ is the semimajor axis of Jupiter, e is the eccentricity, and i is the inclination; see Jewitt (2012) for a thorough treatment.”
BackgroundMethodDynamical evolution and thermal history of asteroids (3200) Phaethon and (155140) 2005 UD
MacLennan, E., Τόλιου, Α., & Granvik, M. (2021) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114535 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Rotational instability has been proposed as a mechanism causing activity among some asteroids (Jewitt, 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialFAST ROTATION AND TRAILING FRAGMENTS OF THE ACTIVE ASTEROID P/2012 F5 (GIBBS)
Drahus, M., Waniak, W., Tendulkar, S. P., Agarwal, J., Jewitt, D. C., & Sheppard, S. S. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/802/1/l8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Instead, both hypervelocity impact and rotational instability (the latter resulting from YORP- or sublimationdriven spin-up) have been regarded as possible mechanisms (e.g. Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Castalia mission to Main Belt Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro
Snodgrass, C., Jones, G. H., Boehnhardt, H., Gibbings, A., Homeister, M., André, N., Beck, P., Bentley, M., Bertini, I., Bowles, N. E., et al. (2017) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2017.09.011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Agarwal, J., Jewitt, D. C., Mutchler, M. J., Weaver, H. A., & Larson, S. M. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature23892 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“In a sub-set of the asteroids called main-belt comets (MBCs), the sublimation of excavated volatiles causes transient comet-like activity [6, 7, 8].”
BackgroundSelf-citationRAPID TEMPERATURE CHANGES AND THE EARLY ACTIVITY ON COMET 67P/CHURYUMOV–GERASIMENKO
Alí-Lagoa, V., Delbò, M., & Libourel, G. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/810/2/l22 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…in concavities might also explain why water ice was detected on asteroids (24) Themis and (67) Cybele (Campins et al. 2010; Licandro et al. 2011) at heliocentric distances at which water ice is not expected to be stable, and possibly even some of the activated asteroids (see, e.g., Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ASTEROIDS IN COMET-LIKE ORBITS IN INFRARED ASTEROID SURVEY CATALOGS
Kim, Y., Ishiguro, M., & Usui, F. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/789/2/151 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Main-belt comets have orbits indistinguishable from main-belt asteroids (TJ > 3) but show comet-like activities owing to sublimation of ice, impacts, and so on (Jewitt 2012; Hsieh & Jewitt 2006).”
BackgroundGuilbert-Lepoutre, A., Besse, S., Mousis, O. J., Ali-Dib, M., Höfner, S., Koschny, D., & Hager, P. (2015) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-015-0148-9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Although the source for such activity is not fully constrained yet (Jewitt 2012), the “Grand Tack” model, which examines the dynamical evolution of the solar system a few million years after the formation of the first solids (Walsh et al. 2011), suggests that some primitive icy objects formed…”
BackgroundFOMALHAUT b AS A CLOUD OF DUST: TESTING ASPECTS OF PLANET FORMATION THEORY
Kenyon, S. J., Currie, T., & Bromley, B. C. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/786/1/70 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Extrapolating the results in their Figure 16 suggests Mesc/M2 ≈ fcr(vc/vesc)α , where fcr ≈ 0.01 and α ≈ 1.0–1.5 (for a recent application of this approach to asteroids in the solar system, see Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialJupiter family comets in near-Earth orbits: Are some of them interlopers from the asteroid belt?
Fernández, J. A., & Sosa, A. (2015) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2015.07.010 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
On the age and formation mechanism of the core of the Quadrantid meteoroid stream
Abedin, A., Spurný, P., Wiegert, P., Pokorný, P., Borovička, J., & Brown, P. G. M. (2015) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.016 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“profile of all good quality observations between 2002 and 2014. A. Abedin et al. / Icarus 261 (2015) 100–117 103”
InfluentialComposition of Solar System Small Bodies
Vernazza, P., & Beck, P. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316339794.013 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“It is thus not a surprise that several socalled main-belt comets were discovered among BCG-type objects (Hsieh & Jewitt 2006, Jewitt 2012).”
Backgroundde Val-Borro, M., Rezac, L., Hartogh, P., Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Crovisier, J., Küppers, M., Lis, D. C., Szutowicz, S., Blake, G. A., et al. (2012) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220169 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“There are several mechanisms that have been proposed to drive mass loss from small bodies, including sublimation of subsurface ices, rotational instability, impact ejection and thermal fracture (see Bertini 2011; Jewitt 2012, for recent reviews of MBC physical properties and activation mechanisms).”
BackgroundDust Phenomena Relating to Airless Bodies
Szalay, J. R., Poppe, A. R., Agarwal, J., Britt, D. T., Belskaya, I. N., Horányi, M., Nakamura, T., Sachse, M., & Spahn, F. (2018) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0527-0 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Despite these lower production rates for any individual asteroid, Main Belt asteroids steadily produce ejecta that contribute to supplying the interplanetary dust complex, although at a share of < 10% (Nesvorný et al. 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialPROPERTIES OF NEAR-SUN ASTEROIDS
Jewitt, D. C. (2013) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/5/133 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Both desiccation cracking and thermal fracture are potentially capable of generating dust (Jewitt & Li 2010; Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLARGE PARTICLES IN ACTIVE ASTEROID P/2010 A2
Jewitt, D. C., Ishiguro, M., & Agarwal, J. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/764/1/l5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“…the orbit is that of a main-belt asteroid (semimajor axis 2.290 AU, eccentricity 0.124 and inclination 5.3◦ and Tisserand parameter with respect to Jupiter TJ = 3.582), leading to its classification as an active asteroid (equivalently, a “main-belt comet”; Hsieh and Jewitt 2006, Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationMain-belt comets in the Palomar Transient Factory survey – I. The search for extendedness
Waszczak, A., Ofek, E. O., Aharonson, O., Kulkarni, S. R., Polishook, D., Bauer, J. M., Levitan, D., Sesar, B., Laher, R. R., Surace, J., et al. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt951 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“One subgroup of these active asteroids (Jewitt 2012) are the main-belt comets (MBCs), which we define1 as objects in the dynamically-stable main asteroid belt that exhibit a periodic (e.g., ?”
BackgroundIntroduction to the Special Issue: Exploration of the Activity of Asteroid (101955) Bennu
Hergenrother, C. W., Adam, C. D., Chesley, S. R., & LAURETTA, D. S. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2020je006549 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“In some cases, mass loss is the result of discrete near‐instantaneous events due to impacts or rotational instability (Jewitt, 2012; Jewitt et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialO’Rourke, L., Snodgrass, C., de Val-Borro, M., Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Hsieh, H. H., Teyssier, D., Fernández, Y. R., Kueppers, M., Micheli, M., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/774/1/l13 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Further evidence for significant water in the Main Belt comes from the so-called Main-Belt Comets (MBCs; Hsieh & Jewitt 2006; Bertini 2011; Jewitt 2012).”
Discovery of a young asteroid cluster associated with P/2012 F5 (Gibbs)
Novaković, B., Hsieh, H. H., Cellino, A., Micheli, M., & Pedani, M. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.019 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Another reason why young asteroid families are important is their likely relation 19 with a new class of asteroids identified in recent years, coll e tively known asac20 tive asteroids(Jewitt, 2012).”
BackgroundSheppard, S. S., & Trujillo, C. A. (2015) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/2/44 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“For an elongated strengthless object, the critical period of break-up will happen at a slower spin period (Samarasinha et al. 2004, Jewitt 2012): Pcrit = a/b ( 3π Gρ )1/2 (2) For 62412, a/b ≥ 1.51 and thus Pcrit ≥ 3.5 hours for a density of 2000 kg m −3.”
BackgroundInfluentialEpisodic Ejection from Active Asteroid 311P/PANSTARRS
Jewitt, D. C., Agarwal, J., Weaver, H. A., Mutchler, M. J., & Larson, S. M. (2014) · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationNON-GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION OF THE ACTIVE ASTEROIDS
Hui, M.-T., & Jewitt, D. C. (2017) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/2/80 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“A number of mechanisms drive the mass loss, including the likely sublimation of exposed ice, asteroid– asteroid impact, and rotational disruption probably driven by radiation torques (Jewitt 2012; Jewitt et al. 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationResurfacing asteroids from thermally induced surface degradation
Graves, K., Minton, D. A., Molaro, J. L., & Hirabayashi, M. (2019) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.01.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“If the weathered material is being removed from the surface in large amounts, we would expect to see a brightening of the asteroid shortly after the dust is released (Jewitt et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialRivkin, A. S., Emery, J. P., Howell, E. S., Kareta, T., Noonan, J. W., Richardson, M. D., Sharkey, B. N. L., Sickafoose, A. A., Woodney, L. M., Cartwright, R., et al. (2022) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ac7217 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The discovery of objects exhibiting cometary activity on typical main-belt orbits (the “main-belt comets” or “activated asteroids”: Hsieh and Jewitt 2006) pointed toward the existence of icy bodies in the Themis family and elsewhere within the orbit of Jupiter (Jewitt 2012), underlined by the discovery of absorption b…”
BackgroundInfluentialAsteroids and the James Webb Space Telescope
Rivkin, A. S., Marchis, F., Stansberry, J., Takir, D., Thomas, C. A., & the JWST Asteroids Focus Group (2016) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The rate of MBC discoveries suggests there will be several available during the lifetime of JWST. Searches for gas in MBC comae (as opposed to dust) have placed water outgassing rates of ∼1026 s−1 for several objects (Jewitt 2012).”
BackgroundParker Solar Probe Observations of a Dust Trail in the Orbit of (3200) Phaethon
Battams, K., Knight, M. M., Kelley, M. S. P., Gallagher, B., Howard, R. A., & Stenborg, G. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab6c68 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“…find a total mass of dust in the presumed Phaethon orbit to be significantly more than it is possible for Phaethon to produce at its current levels (Jewitt 2012), but somewhat less than previously published estimates for the mass of the Geminids (Ryabova 2017), though the latter study does state a…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSize Sorting on the Rubble-Pile Asteroid Itokawa
Shinbrot, T., Sabuwala, T., Siu, T., Lazo, M. V., & Chakraborty, P. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.111101 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
PROPERTIES OF NEAR-SUN ASTEROIDS∗
Jewitt, D. C. (2016) · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationVolatiles and Refractories in Surface-Bounded Exospheres in the Inner Solar System
Grava, C., Killen, R. M., Benna, M., Berezhnoy, A. A., Halekas, J. S., Leblanc, F., Nishino, M. N., Plainaki, C., Raines, J. M., Sarantos, M., et al. (2021) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-021-00833-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“There are active asteroids, also called “main-belt comets”, which spew dust grains when they are close to perihelion (see review by Jewitt 2012), and recently the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-Rex; Lauretta et al. 2017) has even…”
BackgroundAsteroid flux towards circumprimary habitable zones in binary star systems: I. Statistical Overview
Bancelin, D., Pilat-Lohinger, E., Eggl, S., Maindl, T., Schafer, C., Speith, R., & Dvorak, R. (2015) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526430 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The main mechanisms that can induce a relevant mass loss for active (comet-like) or inactive asteroids are ice sublimation and impact ejection [Jewitt, 2012].”
BackgroundMethodVincent, J., Oklay, N., Marchi, S., Höfner, S., & Sierks, H. (2014) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2014.06.008 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Spectral properties of the largest asteroids associated with Taurid Complex
Popescu, M. M., Birlan, M., Nedelcu, D. A., Vaubaillon, J., & Cristescu, C. (2014) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424064 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“However, the discovery of new asteroid families (Nesvorný et al. 2002) in the main belt, new cometary-like asteroids, asteroid outbursts (Jewitt 2012), or weak cometary activity on NEA (3200) Phaeton (Jewitt et al. 2013) changed this opinion.”
BackgroundRecurrent Activity from Active Asteroid (248370) 2005 QN 173 : A Main-belt Comet
Chandler, C. O., Trujillo, C. A., & Hsieh, H. H. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac365b · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“(1) To qualify as an active asteroid, a body must typically meet three criteria (see Jewitt 2012 for discussion):”
BackgroundPhysical processes leading to surface erosion and dust particles dynamics of airless bodies
Захаров, А. В., Popel, S. I., Kuznetsov, I. А., Borisov, N. D., Rosenfeld, E. V., Skorov, Y. V., & Зеленый, Л. М. (2022) · Physics of Plasmas · doi:10.1063/5.0117833 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
2P/Encke, the Taurid complex NEOs and the Maribo and Sutter’s Mill meteorites
Tubiana, C., Snodgrass, C., Michelsen, R., Haack, H., Boehnhardt, H., Fitzsimmons, A., & Williams, I. P. (2015) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425512 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“There are two interesting possibilities to explain this: Either comet 2P/Encke has an origin within the main asteroid belt – recent discoveries (Hsieh & Jewitt 2006; Jewitt 2012) re-enforce this possibility – or there ?”
Busarev, V. V., Shcherbina, M. P., Barabanov, S. I., Irsmambetova, T. R., Кохирова, Г. И., Хамроев, У. Х., Khamitov, I., Фяритович, Б. И., Gumerov, R. I., Irtuganov, E. N., et al. (2019) · Solar System Research · doi:10.1134/s0038094619040014 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The impacts of large bodies on the asteroids should also lead to similar consequences, which is probably what happened SOLAR SYSTEM RESEARCH Vol. 53 No. 4 2019 on asteroid 596 Scheila (e.g., Jewitt, 2012; Kokhirova et al., 2018), but such events are less probable.”
BackgroundSystematics and Consequences of Comet Nucleus Outgassing Torques
Jewitt, D. C. (2021) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abf09c · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“However, a subpopulation, known as the “active asteroids”, lose mass, generating comae and dust tails that are obvious in optical data (Jewitt 2012).”
Self-citationFar from random: dynamical groupings among the NEO population
Marcos, C. D. L. F., & Marcos, R. D. L. F. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2885 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Another obvious source of dynamical coherence among NEOs can be traced back to comets and active asteroids (Jewitt 2012) that produce fragments which initially move in unison.”
BackgroundThe nucleus of main-belt Comet P/2010 R2 (La Sagra)
Hsieh, H. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.033 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jewitt, D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jewitt, David
- ORCID
- Jewitt, David
- Venue
- The Astronomical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2012-02-09
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 66
- ISSN
- 0004-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-3881
- OpenAlex
- W2951973812
- Cited by
- 318
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 17.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astronomical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Satellite Systems and Control
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- active asteroids, main-belt comets, mass loss, dust ejection, water ice sublimation, rotational instability, impact ejection, electrostatic repulsion, dehydration, thermal fracture, 3200 Phaethon, asteroid dynamics
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