The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
ON THE ROLE OF DISKS IN THE FORMATION OF STELLAR SYSTEMS: A NUMERICAL PARAMETER STUDY OF RAPID ACCRETION
Open accessAbstract
We study rapidly accreting, gravitationally unstable disks with a series of idealized global, numerical experiments using the code ORION. Our numerical parameter study focuses on protostellar disks, showing that one can predict disk behavior and the multiplicity of the accreting star system as a function of two dimensionless parameters which compare the infall rate to the disk sound speed and orbital period. Although gravitational instabilities become strong, we find that fragmentation into binary or multiple systems occurs only when material falls in several times more rapidly than the canonical isothermal limit. The disk-to-star accretion rate is proportional to the infall rate and governed by gravitational torques generated by low- m spiral modes. We also confirm the existence of a maximum stable disk mass: disks that exceed ∼50% of the total system mass are subject to fragmentation and the subsequent formation of binary companions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
On the Gravitational Stability of a Disk of Stars
Toomre, A. (1964) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/147861 · Cited by 3,349 · cited 2×
“This only marks the critical case for the m=0 unstable mode in razor-thin disks (Toomre 1964).”
BackgroundMethod
Cited by
Binary Interaction Dominates the Evolution of Massive Stars
Sana, H., de Mink, S. E., de Koter, A., Langer, N., Evans, C. J., Gieles, M., Gosset, E., Izzard, R. G., Le Bouquin, J.-B., & Schneider, F. R. N. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1223344 · Cited by 2,118
Mass Loss: Its Effect on the Evolution and Fate of High-Mass Stars
Smith, N. (2014) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040025 · Cited by 1,042
“In the end we may find that observed trends with Z hinge upon the formation of massive binaries (Kratter et al. 2010) and its dependence on fragmentation and cooling as a function of Z. 5.”
BackgroundDynamics of Protoplanetary Disks
Armitage, P. J. (2011) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081710-102521 · Cited by 517
Astrophysics of Planet Formation
Armitage, P. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108344227 · Cited by 477
Protostellar Feedback Halts the Growth of the First Stars in the Universe
Hosokawa, T., Omukai, K., Yoshida, N., & Yorke, H. W. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1207433 · Cited by 386
Metadata
- Authors
- Kratter, K. M., Matzner, C. D., Krumholz, M. R., & Klein, R. I.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2009-12-23
- Volume
- 708
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1585-1597
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2079349148
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 10.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: ON THE ROLE OF DISKS IN THE FORMATION OF STELLAR SYSTEMS: A NUMERICAL PARAMETER STUDY OF RAPID ACCRETION. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/0004-637x/708/2/1585
- The paper
- Kratter, K. M., Matzner, C. D., Krumholz, M. R., & Klein, R. I. (2010). ON THE ROLE OF DISKS IN THE FORMATION OF STELLAR SYSTEMS: A NUMERICAL PARAMETER STUDY OF RAPID ACCRETION. The Astrophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/708/2/1585
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
