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Cited by 432Stellar, planetary, and galactic studiesAstro and Planetary ScienceGalaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena

SECULAR CHAOS AND THE PRODUCTION OF HOT JUPITERS

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Wu, Yanqin, Lithwick, Yoram·2011·The Astrophysical Journal
DOI 10.1088/0004-637x/735/2/109
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Abstract

In a planetary system with two or more well-spaced, eccentric, inclined planets, secular interactions may lead to chaos. The innermost planet may gradually become very eccentric and/or inclined as a result of the secular degrees of freedom drifting toward equipartition of angular momentum deficit. Secular chaos is known to be responsible for the eventual destabilization of Mercury in our own solar system. Here we focus on systems with three giant planets. We characterize the secular chaos and demonstrate the criterion for it to occur, but leave a detailed understanding of secular chaos to a companion paper. After an extended period of eccentricity diffusion, the inner planet's pericenter can approach the star to within a few stellar radii. Strong tidal interactions and ensuing tidal dissipation extract orbital energy from the planet and pull it inward, creating a hot Jupiter. In contrast to other proposed channels for the production of hot Jupiters, such a scenario (which we term "secular migration") explains a range of observations: the pile-up of hot Jupiters at 3 day orbital periods, the fact that hot Jupiters are in general less massive than other radial velocity planets, that they may have misaligned inclinations with respect to stellar spin, and that they have few easily detectable companions (but may have giant companions in distant orbits). Secular migration can also explain close-in planets as low in mass as Neptune; and an aborted secular migration can explain the "warm Jupiters" at intermediate distances. In addition, the frequency of hot Jupiters formed via secular migration increases with stellar age. We further suggest that secular chaos may be responsible for the observed eccentricities of giant planets at larger distances and that these planets could exhibit significant spin–orbit misalignment.

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  • Secular chaos requires three or more planets.

    “The latter scenario requires three or more planets and is known as secular chaos.”

    From Origins of Hot Jupiters (2018) · cites this paper as Wu & Lithwick 2011

    The Introduction says a system of two non-coplanar planets can be chaotic, although it requires eccentricities and inclinations of order unity; the authors focus on three-planet systems because the criterion is less stringent. Section 2.3 likewise describes chaos in two-planet systems, so three or more planets are not a general requirement for secular chaos. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wu, Y., & Lithwick, Y.
Affiliations
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • Northwestern University (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2011-06-23
Volume
735
Issue
2
Pages
109
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
DOI
10.1088/0004-637x/735/2/109
OpenAlex
W2067824076
Cited by
432
References
1
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FWCI
14.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • California Institute of Technology
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Keywords
hot Jupiters, orbital instability, tidal dissipation, angular momentum deficit, spin-orbit misalignment, warm Jupiters, close-in planets

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