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Cited by 749Stellar, planetary, and galactic studiesSpace Science and Extraterrestrial LifeAstronomy and Astrophysical Research

THE OCCURRENCE RATE OF SMALL PLANETS AROUND SMALL STARS

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Dressing, Courtney D., Charbonneau, David·2013·The Astrophysical Journal
DOI 10.1088/0004-637x/767/1/95
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Abstract

We use the optical and near-infrared photometry from the Kepler Input Catalog to provide improved estimates of the stellar characteristics of the smallest stars in the Kepler target list. We find 3897 dwarfs with temperatures below 4000 K, including 64 planet candidate host stars orbited by 95 transiting planet candidates. We refit the transit events in the Kepler light curves for these planet candidates and combine the revised planet/star radius ratios with our improved stellar radii to revise the radii of the planet candidates orbiting the cool target stars. We then compare the number of observed planet candidates to the number of stars around which such planets could have been detected in order to estimate the planet occurrence rate around cool stars. We find that the occurrence rate of 0.5–4 R ⊕ planets with orbital periods shorter than 50 days is planets per star. The occurrence rate of Earth-size (0.5–1.4 R ⊕ ) planets is constant across the temperature range of our sample at Earth-size planets per star, but the occurrence of 1.4–4 R ⊕ planets decreases significantly at cooler temperatures. Our sample includes two Earth-size planet candidates in the habitable zone, allowing us to estimate that the mean number of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone is planets per cool star. Our 95% confidence lower limit on the occurrence rate of Earth-size planets in the habitable zones of cool stars is 0.04 planets per star. With 95% confidence, the nearest transiting Earth-size planet in the habitable zone of a cool star is within 21 pc. Moreover, the nearest non-transiting planet in the habitable zone is within 5 pc with 95% confidence.

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Authors
Dressing, C. D., & Charbonneau, D.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Dressing, Courtney D.
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2013-03-28
Volume
767
Issue
1
Pages
95
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
DOI
10.1088/0004-637x/767/1/95
OpenAlex
W2095900443
Cited by
749
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 94 · 2014: 88 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 1
FWCI
54.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX09AF08G, NAS 526555)
  • California Institute of Technology
  • Space Telescope Science Institute (NAS5- 26555, 26555)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
Keywords
planet occurrence rate, cool stars, M dwarfs, transiting planet candidates, Earth-sized planets, habitable zone, Kepler Input Catalog, stellar radii, Kepler light curves, near-infrared photometry, exoplanet detection

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