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CONSTRAINING THE MILKY WAY'S HOT GAS HALO WITH O VII AND O VIII EMISSION LINES
Open accessAbstract
The Milky Way hosts a hot (≈2 × 10 6 K), diffuse, gaseous halo based on detections of z = 0 O vii and O viii absorption lines in quasar spectra and emission lines in blank-sky spectra. Here we improve constraints on the structure of the hot gas halo by fitting a radial model to a much larger sample of O vii and O viii emission line measurements from XMM-Newton /EPIC-MOS spectra compared to previous studies (≈650 sightlines). We assume a modified β-model for the halo density distribution and a constant-density Local Bubble from which we calculate emission to compare with the observations. We find an acceptable fit to the O viii emission line observations with (dof) = 1.08 (644) for best-fit parameters of cm −3 kpc 3β and β = 0.50 ± 0.03 for the hot gas halo and negligible Local Bubble contribution. The O vii observations yield an unacceptable (dof) = 4.69 (645) for similar best-fit parameters, which is likely due to temperature or density variations in the Local Bubble. The O viii fitting results imply hot gas masses of M (<50 kpc) = and M (<250 kpc) = , accounting for ≲50% of the Milky Way's missing baryons. We also explore our results in the context of optical depth effects in the halo gas, the halo gas cooling properties, temperature and entropy gradients in the halo gas, and the gas metallicity distribution. The combination of absorption and emission line analyses implies a sub-solar gas metallicity that decreases with radius, but that also must be ⩾0.3 Z ☉ to be consistent with the pulsar dispersion measure toward the Large Magellanic Cloud.
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“the Galactic CGM extends till ∼ 200 kpc”
From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Miller & Bregman 2015
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“The absorbing medium is characterized to have a temperature of 0 . 17 -0 . 2 keV (similar to the Galactic CGM; Henley & Shelton 2010; Miller & Bregman 2015) and a column density of 3 -5 × 10 19 cm 2 .”
From The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way (2024) · cites this paper as Miller & Bregman 2015
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The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic, and Integrated Properties
Bland-Hawthorn, J., & Gerhard, O. (2016) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023441 · Cited by 1,656
A Nearby Repeating Fast Radio Burst in the Direction of M81
Bhardwaj, M., Gaensler, B. M., Kaspi, V. M., Landecker, T. L., Mckinven, R., Michilli, D., Pleunis, Z., Tendulkar, S. P., Andersen, B. C., Boyle, P. J., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abeaa6 · Cited by 247
Nelson, D., Kauffmann, G., Pillepich, A., Genel, S., Springel, V., Pakmor, R., Hernquist, L., Weinberger, R., Torrey, P., Vogelsberger, M., et al. (2017) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty656 · Cited by 118
The impact of star formation feedback on the circumgalactic medium
Fielding, D. B., Quataert, E., McCourt, M., & Thompson, T. A. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3326 · Cited by 189
Salem, M., Besla, G., Bryan, G. L., Putman, M. E., van der Marel, R. P., & Tonnesen, S. K. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/815/1/77 · Cited by 163
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, M. J., & Bregman, J. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- ORCID
- Bregman, Joel N.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2015-02-04
- Volume
- 800
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2002520353
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 14
- FWCI
- 18.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX11AJ55G)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- missing baryons, Local Bubble, quasar absorption lines, X-ray emission lines, optical depth effects, gas cooling, entropy gradients, pulsar dispersion measure, Large Magellanic Cloud
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