Brain mechanical property measurement using MRE with intrinsic activation
Open accessAbstract
Many pathologies alter the mechanical properties of tissue. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has been developed to noninvasively characterize these quantities in vivo. Typically, small vibrations are induced in the tissue of interest with an external mechanical actuator. The resulting displacements are measured with phase contrast sequences and are then used to estimate the underlying mechanical property distribution. Several MRE studies have quantified brain tissue properties. However, the cranium and meninges, especially the dura, are very effective at damping externally applied vibrations from penetrating deeply into the brain. Here, we report a method, termed 'intrinsic activation', that eliminates the requirement for external vibrations by measuring the motion generated by natural blood vessel pulsation. A retrospectively gated phase contrast MR angiography sequence was used to record the tissue velocity at eight phases of the cardiac cycle. The velocities were numerically integrated via the Fourier transform to produce the harmonic displacements at each position within the brain. The displacements were then reconstructed into images of the shear modulus based on both linear elastic and poroelastic models. The mechanical properties produced fall within the range of brain tissue estimates reported in the literature and, equally important, the technique yielded highly reproducible results. The mean shear modulus was 8.1 kPa for linear elastic reconstructions and 2.4 kPa for poroelastic reconstructions where fluid pressure carries a portion of the stress. Gross structures of the brain were visualized, particularly in the poroelastic reconstructions. Intra-subject variability was significantly less than the inter-subject variability in a study of six asymptomatic individuals. Further, larger changes in mechanical properties were observed in individuals when examined over time than when the MRE procedures were repeated on the same day. Cardiac pulsation, termed intrinsic activation, produces sufficient motion to allow mechanical properties to be recovered. The poroelastic model is more consistent with the measured data from brain at low frequencies than the linear elastic model. Intrinsic activation allows MRE to be performed without a device shaking the head so the patient notices no differences between it and the other sequences in an MR examination.
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Weaver and colleagues showed that intrinsic brain motion generated by cardiac pulsatility can also be exploited to estimate mechanical properties.
“Weaver and colleagues showed that intrinsic brain motion generated by cardiac pulsatility can also be exploited to estimate mechanical properties (Weaver et al., 2012; Zorgani et al., 2015).”
From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Weaver et al., 2012
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Biomechanical characterization of ex vivo human brain using ultrasound shear wave spectroscopy
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Brain Tissue Pulsation in Healthy Volunteers
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Phantom evaluations of low frequency MR elastography
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Self-citationThe pulsing brain: state of the art and an interdisciplinary perspective
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Minimizing Measurement-Induced Errors in Viscoelastic MR Elastography
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Nonlinear Inversion MR Elastography With Low-Frequency Actuation
Zeng, W., Gordon‐Wylie, S. W., Tan, L., Solamen, L. M., McGarry, M., Weaver, J. B., & Paulsen, K. D. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2019.2958212 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain tissue motion in acute hemorrhagic stroke using amplified MRI (aMRI)
Ince, J., Lecchini‐Visintini, A., Almudayni, A., Horsfield, M. A., Wormleighton, J. V., Banahan, C., Chung, E. M. L., & Minhas, J. S. (2021) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2021.11.002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A theoretical framework for predicting the heterogeneous stiffness map of brain white matter tissue
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Dual Objective Approach Using A Convolutional Neural Network for Magnetic Resonance ElastographyPreprint
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Amplified MRI and physiological brain tissue motion
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A brief history of the development of transcranial tissue Doppler ultrasound
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Ultrasonic Assessment of the Medial Temporal Lobe Tissue Displacements in Alzheimer’s Disease
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“Weaver and colleagues showed that intrinsic brain motion generated by cardiac pulsatility can also be exploited to estimate mechanical properties ( Weaver et al., 2012; Zorgani et al., 2015).”
A Defense of Reductive Physicalism
Dosanjh, R. (2014) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
From Time Reversal to Natural Shear Wave Imaging
Catheline, S. (2018) · doi:10.1002/9781119021520.ch21
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Quantitative Biomechanical Imaging via Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Beuf, O., Garteiser, P., Koon, K. T. V., & Vappou, J. (2024) · doi:10.1002/9781394284030.ch7
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Evidence for the ultra-soft brain provided by uniqueness in intrinsic MR elastographyPreprint
Ingeberg, M. B., Houten, E. E. W. V., & Zwanenburg, J. J. M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.23.701281
- Authors
- Weaver, J. B., Pattison, A. J., McGarry, M. D., Perreard, I. M., Swienckowski, J. G., Eskey, C. J., Lollis, S. S., & Paulsen, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Weaver, John B
- Venue
- Physics in Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2012-10-18
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 7275-7287
- ISSN
- 0031-9155 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6560
- PMC
- PMC3797022
- OpenAlex
- W1996982466
- Semantic Scholar
- 52ea9a96ab7cb4286c5ce8f4b1798a8f232ef152
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8
- FWCI
- 5.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physics in Medicine and Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (P01CA080139)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK063013)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB004632)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- magnetic resonance elastography, brain tissue mechanical properties, cardiac pulsation, shear modulus, poroelastic model, linear elastic model, phase-contrast MR angiography, tissue velocity, reproducibility
- MeSH terms
- Biomechanical Phenomena, Blood Vessels, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Movement, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Elasticity Imaging Techniques, Mechanical Phenomena
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