Clinical impact of time-of-flight and point response modeling in PET reconstructions: a lesion detection study
Open accessAbstract
Time-of-flight (TOF) and point spread function (PSF) modeling have been shown to improve PET reconstructions, but the impact on physicians in the clinical setting has not been thoroughly investigated. A lesion detection and localization study was performed using simulated lesions in real patient images. Four reconstruction schemes were considered: ordinary Poisson OSEM (OP) alone and combined with TOF, PSF, and TOF + PSF. The images were presented to physicians experienced in reading PET images, and the performance of each was quantified using localization receiver operating characteristic. Numerical observers (non-prewhitening and Hotelling) were used to identify optimal reconstruction parameters, and observer SNR was compared to the performance of the physicians. The numerical models showed good agreement with human performance, and best performance was achieved by both when using TOF + PSF. These findings suggest a large potential benefit of TOF + PSF for oncology PET studies, especially in the detection of small, low-intensity, focal disease in larger patients.
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PSF compensation can increase the SNR and subjectively rated image quality.
“PSF compensation can also increase the SNR [157,158] and thereby the subjectively rated image quality [157,161,162].”
From Influences on PET Quantification and Interpretation (2022) · cites this paper as [161]
The Discussion states that PSF modeling can increase numerical-observer SNR in certain tasks when the algorithm has sufficiently converged. The Results report improved physician lesion-detection performance with PSF, but the physicians rated confidence in lesion decisions, not subjective image quality; the paper does not establish that SNR gains thereby improve subjective image-quality ratings. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSchaefferkoetter et al. observed an improvement in lesion detection rates with PSF limited mainly to the lung, while detection rates achieved with TOF extended to the liver and lung.
“This is illustrated by the observation of Schaefferkoetter et al. of an improvement in lesion detection rates with PSF limited mainly to the lung, while the detection rates achieved with TOF extended to the liver and lung [161].”
From Influences on PET Quantification and Interpretation (2022) · cites this paper as [161]
The Results report improved overall lesion-localization performance with both PSF and TOF, with greater improvement from TOF, and present liver and lung results in Figure 6. The text does not establish the claimed anatomical distinction—that PSF’s improvement was mainly limited to the lung while TOF’s extended to both liver and lung (Results; page not available). (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredInvestigations with an anthropomorphic phantom or simulated liver and lung lesions have shown that TOF and PSF can have a supplementary effect on increasing lesion detection rates.
“Investigations with an anthropomorphic phantom or with simulated liver and lung lesions have shown that TOF and PSF can have a supplementary effect on increasing lesion detection rates [161,163].”
From Influences on PET Quantification and Interpretation (2022) · cites this paper as [161]
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- Authors
- Schaefferkoetter, J., Casey, M., Townsend, D., & El Fakhri, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Tennessee Medical Center (US)
- Siemens Healthcare (United States) (US)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Venue
- Physics in Medicine and Biology
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2013-02-13
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1465-1478
- ISSN
- 0031-9155 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6560
- PMC
- PMC3616316
- OpenAlex
- W1998484751
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 9.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physics in Medicine and Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL110241)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA165221)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Keywords
- time-of-flight PET, point spread function modeling, PET image reconstruction, lesion detection, lesion localization, observer performance, Hotelling observer
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Models, Theoretical, Neoplasms, Time Factors, Observer Variation, Positron-Emission Tomography
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