The DOI matches its Crossref record; 199 of the 199 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A HIGHLY CONSISTENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE STAR-FORMING “MAIN SEQUENCE” FROM z ∼ 0-6
Open accessAbstract
Using a compilation of 25 studies from the literature, we investigate the evolution of the star-forming galaxy (SFG) Main Sequence (MS) in stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) out to $z \sim 6$. After converting all observations to a common set of calibrations, we find a remarkable consensus among MS observations ($\sim 0.1$ dex 1$σ$ interpublication scatter). By fitting for time evolution of the MS in bins of constant mass, we deconvolve the observed scatter about the MS within each observed redshift bins. After accounting for observed scatter between different SFR indicators, we find the width of the MS distribution is $\sim 0.2$ dex and remains constant over cosmic time. Our best fits indicate the slope of the MS is likely time-dependent, with our best fit $\log\textrm{SFR}(M_*,t) = \left(0.84 \pm 0.02 - 0.026 \pm 0.003 \times t\right) \log M_* - \left(6.51 \pm 0.24 - 0.11 \pm 0.03 \times t\right)$, with $t$ the age of the Universe in Gyr. We use our fits to create empirical evolutionary tracks in order to constrain MS galaxy star formation histories (SFHs), finding that (1) the most accurate representations of MS SFHs are given by delayed-$τ$ models, (2) the decline in fractional stellar mass growth for a "typical" MS galaxy today is approximately linear for most of its lifetime, and (3) scatter about the MS can be generated by galaxies evolving along identical evolutionary tracks assuming an initial $1σ$ spread in formation times of $\sim 1.4$ Gyr.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction
Cardelli, J. A., Clayton, G. C., & Mathis, J. S. (1989) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/167900 · Cited by 11,795
Spergel, D. N., Verde, L., Peiris, H. V., Komatsu, E., Nolta, M. R., Bennett, C. L., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G., Jarosik, N., Kogut, A., et al. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/377226 · Cited by 10,976
Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
Bruzual, G., & Charlot, S. (2003) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06897.x · Cited by 10,500
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
York, D. G., Adelman, J., Anderson, Jr., Anderson, S. F., Annis, J., Bahcall, N. A., Bakken, J. A., Barkhouser, R., Bastian, S., Berman, E., et al. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301513 · Cited by 10,366
Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
Chabrier, G. (2003) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/376392 · Cited by 9,071
The Luminosity Function and Stellar Evolution.
Salpeter, E. E. (1955) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/145971 · Cited by 8,697
On the variation of the initial mass function
Kroupa, P. (2001) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04022.x · Cited by 7,499
STAR FORMATION IN GALAXIES ALONG THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE
Kennicutt, R. C. (1998) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.36.1.189 · Cited by 6,578
The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star‐forming Galaxies
Calzetti, D., Armus, L., Bohlin, R. C., Kinney, A. L., Koornneef, J., & Storchi‐Bergmann, T. (2000) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/308692 · Cited by 5,717
THE SEVENTH DATA RELEASE OF THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY
Abazajian, K. N., Adelman-McCarthy, J. K., Agüeros, M. A., Allam, S. S., Prieto, C. A., An, D., Anderson, K. S. J., Anderson, S. F., Annis, J., Bahcall, N. A., et al. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/182/2/543 · Cited by 5,341
Cited by
UniverseMachine: The correlation between galaxy growth and dark matter halo assembly from z = 0−10
Behroozi, P., Wechsler, R. H., Hearin, A. P., & Conroy, C. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1182 · Cited by 1,243
Pillepich, A., Nelson, D., Springel, V., Pakmor, R., Torrey, P., Weinberger, R., Vogelsberger, M., Marinacci, F., Genel, S., van der Wel, A., et al. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2338 · Cited by 916
CONSTRAINING THE LOW-MASS SLOPE OF THE STAR FORMATION SEQUENCE AT 0.5 <z< 2.5
Whitaker, K. E., Franx, M., Leja, J., van Dokkum, P. G., Henry, A., Skelton, R. E., Fumagalli, M., Momcheva, I. G., Brammer, G. B., Labbé, I., et al. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/795/2/104 · Cited by 854
Scoville, N., Sheth, K., Aussel, H., Bout, P. V., Capak, P., Bongiorno, A., Casey, C. M., Murchikova, L., Koda, J., Álvarez-Márquez, J., et al. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/820/2/83 · Cited by 513
Self-citationA z = 0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis. I. A WISE and GALEX Atlas of Local Galaxies
Leroy, A. K., Sandstrom, K. M., Lang, D., Lewis, A., Salim, S., Behrens, E. A., Chastenet, J., Chiang 江, I.-D. 宜., Gallagher, M. J., Kessler, S., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab3925 · Cited by 319
Metadata
- Authors
- Speagle, J. S., Steinhardt, C. L., Capak, P. L., & Silverman, J. D.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2014-09-18
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 15
- ISSN
- 0067-0049 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4365
- OpenAlex
- W2042356486
- Cited by
- 1,646
- References
- 199
- FWCI
- 52.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A HIGHLY CONSISTENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE STAR-FORMING “MAIN SEQUENCE” FROM z ∼ 0-6. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/0067-0049/214/2/15
- The paper
- Speagle, J. S., Steinhardt, C. L., Capak, P. L., & Silverman, J. D. (2014). A HIGHLY CONSISTENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVOLUTION OF THE STAR-FORMING “MAIN SEQUENCE” FROM z ∼ 0-6. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/214/2/15
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.