Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 561

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Natural image statistics and efficient coding

Olshausen, B A, Field, D J·1996·Network: Computation in Neural Systems

Abstract

Natural images contain characteristic statistical regularities that set them apart from purely random images. Understanding what these regularities are can enable natural images to be coded more efficiently. In this paper, we describe some of the forms of structure that are contained in natural images, and we show how these are related to the response properties of neurons at early stages of the visual system. Many of the important forms of structure require higher-order (i.e. more than linear, pairwise) statistics to characterize, which makes models based on linear Hebbian learning, or principal components analysis, inappropriate for finding efficient codes for natural images. We suggest that a good objective for an efficient coding of natural scenes is to maximize the sparseness of the representation, and we show that a network that learns sparse codes of natural scenes succeeds in developing localized, oriented, bandpass receptive fields similar to those in the mammalian striate cortex.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1088/0954-898x_7_2_014

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 17 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. 10.1088/0954-898X_7_2_005 · DOI
  2. Field D J, 1993, Wavelets, Fractals, and Fourier Transforms, 151
  3. 10.1088/0954-898X_7_2_007 · doi:10.1088/0954-898x_7_2_007
  4. Olshausen B A, 1995, Technical Report CCN-100-95
  5. 10.1088/0954-898X_5_4_006 · doi:10.1088/0954-898x_5_4_006 · Paper page
  6. Sanger T D, 1989, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 1, 11

Cited by

See all 561

Metadata

Authors
Olshausen, B. A., & Field, D. J.
Venue
Network: Computation in Neural Systems
Published
1996-01
Volume
7
Issue
2
Pages
333-339
ISSN
  • 0954-898X (ISSN-L)
  • 1361-6536
OpenAlex
W2145012779
Cited by
561
References
17
FWCI
9.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Natural image statistics and efficient coding. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/0954-898x_7_2_014
The paper
Olshausen, B. A., & Field, D. J. (1996). Natural image statistics and efficient coding. Network: Computation in Neural Systems. https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-898x_7_2_014

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.