The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 63 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Could dark energy be vector-like?
Open accessAbstract
In this paper I explore whether a vector field can be the origin of the present stage of cosmic acceleration. In order to avoid violations of isotropy, the vector has be part of a ‘cosmic triad’, that is, a set of three identical vectors pointing in mutually orthogonal spatial directions. A triad is indeed able to drive a stage of late accelerated expansion in the universe, and there exist tracking attractors that render cosmic evolution insensitive to initial conditions. However, as in most other models, the onset of cosmic acceleration is determined by a parameter that has to be tuned to reproduce current observations. The triad equation of state can be sufficiently close to minus one today, and for tachyonic models it might be even less than that. I briefly analyse linear cosmological perturbation theory in the presence of a triad. It turns out that the existence of non-vanishing spatial vectors invalidates the decomposition theorem, i.e. scalar, vector and tensor perturbations do not decouple from each other. In a simplified case it is possible to analytically study the stability of the triad along the different cosmological attractors. The triad is classically stable during inflation, radiation and matter domination, but it is unstable during (late time) cosmic acceleration. I argue that this instability is not likely to have a significant impact at present.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Spergel, D. N., Verde, L., Peiris, H. V., Komatsu, E., Nolta, M. R., Bennett, C. L., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G., Jarosik, N., Kogut, A., et al. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/377226 · Cited by 10,976
Weinberg, S. (1996) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139644174 · Cited by 4,377
Riess, A. G., Strolger, L., Tonry, J., Casertano, S., Ferguson, H. C., Mobasher, B., Challis, P., Filippenko, A. V., Jha, S., Li, W., et al. (2004) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/383612 · Cited by 4,315 · cited 6×
“Hence, experimental constraints [1, 2] on the value of wDE restrict the possible values of n.”
InfluentialCosmological consequences of a rolling homogeneous scalar field
Ratra, B., & Peebles, P. J. E. (1988) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.37.3406 · Cited by 4,310
Cosmological Imprint of an Energy Component with General Equation of State
Caldwell, R. R., Dave, R., & Steinhardt, P. J. (1998) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.80.1582 · Cited by 3,694
Theory and Experiment in Gravitational Physics
Will, C. M. (2018) · doi:10.1017/9781316338612 · Cited by 3,637
Theory of cosmological perturbations
Mukhanov, V (1992) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(92)90044-z · Cited by 3,608
4D gravity on a brane in 5D Minkowski space
Dvali, G., Gabadadze, G., & Porrati, M. (2000) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(00)00669-9 · Cited by 3,513
Caldwell, R. R. (2002) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(02)02589-3 · Cited by 3,309
Weinberg, S. (1995) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139644167 · Cited by 2,842
Cited by
Einstein’s other gravity and the acceleration of the Universe
Linder, E. V. (2010) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.81.127301 · Cited by 1,106
Cosmology and fundamental physics with the Euclid satellite
The Euclid Theory Working Group, Amendola, L., Appleby, S., Avgoustidis, A., Bacon, D., Baker, T., Baldi, M., Bartolo, N., Blanchard, A., Bonvin, C., et al. (2018) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.1007/s41114-017-0010-3 · Cited by 1,009
Cosmology and Fundamental Physics with the Euclid Satellite
The Euclid Theory Working Group, Amendola, L., Appleby, S., Bacon, D., Baker, T., Baldi, M., Bartolo, N., Blanchard, A., Bonvin, C., Borgani, S., et al. (2013) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2013-6 · Cited by 899
Quintom cosmology: Theoretical implications and observations
Cai, Y.-F., Saridakis, E. N., Setare, M. R., & Xia, J.-Q. (2010) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2010.04.001 · Cited by 868
Dark Energy Versus Modified Gravity
Joyce, A., Lombriser, L., & Schmidt, F. (2016) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-102115-044553 · Cited by 463
Metadata
- Authors
- Armendáriz-Picón, C.
- Venue
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2004-07-15
- Volume
- 2004
- Issue
- 07
- Pages
- 007-007
- ISSN
- 1475-7508 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-7516
- OpenAlex
- W2056331753
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 63
- FWCI
- 4.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Could dark energy be vector-like? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/1475-7516/2004/07/007
- The paper
- Armendáriz-Picón, C. (2004). Could dark energy be vector-like? Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2004/07/007
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.