The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Slow pyrolysis of Durio zibethinus rind and the influence of carbonization temperature on biochar properties
Open accessAbstract
Due to rapid development in some countries that puts increasing urgency on the global community to replace non-renewable resources, Interest in harnessing energy from other sources like biomass has grown immensely in recent years. Biomass can be converted to energy through thermo-chemical and biological conversion routes. Pyrolysis is one the thermo-chemical methods to transform biomass into useable fuels. Pyrolysis conducted without the presence of oxygen at high temperatures results in the production of biochar, bio-oil and gases. The aim of this work was to perform pyrolysis experiments for durian rinds with the emphasis on the characterization of the rinds and their biochars. The pyrolysis of durian rinds was performed in a horizontal tubular reactor at temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 °C. The effects of temperature together with holding time on the yield of biochar and heating value were investigated. It was found that the pyrolysis operating temperature had a significant effect on the yield of biochar, heating value and elemental composition of the biochar. Increment of pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 700 °C, showed a decrease in the total biochar yield, while the heating value increased. The optimum temperature was found at 325 °C with a holding time of two hours. The biochar yield obtained at optimum temperature was 40.8 %wt with a heating value of 28.7 MJ/kg. In conclusion, the results from the pyrolysis showed the durian rinds has potential to be converted into solid biofuel that can be used for energy application.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“High carbonization temperatures (700–900 °C) promote thermal decomposition of the organic biomass structures, resulting in biochar with increased carbon content, greater aromaticity, and improved stability.”
From Metals incorporated agricultural waste corn Cob-based biochar used as an adsorbent for CO2 capturing (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The sulfuric acid impregnation preceding carbonization facilitates dehydration and charring reactions, improving the formation of porous carbon structures under these high temperatures47,48.”
From Metals incorporated agricultural waste corn Cob-based biochar used as an adsorbent for CO2 capturing (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“At 800 °C, biochar typically develops a higher surface area and porosity compared to lower temperatures, which is critical to adsorption applications.”
From Metals incorporated agricultural waste corn Cob-based biochar used as an adsorbent for CO2 capturing (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Effects of temperature and particle size on bio-char yield from pyrolysis of agricultural residues
Demirbas, A. (2004) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2004.07.003 · Cited by 1,154
Lee, X. J., Lee, L. Y., Gan, S., Thangalazhy‐Gopakumar, S., & Ng, H. K. (2017) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.105 · Cited by 251
Fruit waste as feedstock for recovery by pyrolysis technique
Lam, S. S., Liew, R. K., Lim, X. Y., Ani, F. N., & Jusoh, A. (2016) · International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation · doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.02.021 · Cited by 206
Chandra, T. C., Mirna, M. M., Sudaryanto, Y., & Ismadji, S. (2006) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2006.09.011 · Cited by 193
Sánchez, M. E., Lindao, E., Margaleff, D., Martı́nez, O., & Morán, A. (2008) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2008.11.001 · Cited by 178
Activated carbon from durian shell: Preparation and characterization
Chandra, T. C., Mirna, M. M., Sunarso, J., Sudaryanto, Y., & Ismadji, S. (2009) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2008.10.002 · Cited by 166
Slow pyrolysis of pistachio shell
Varol, E. A., Pütün, E., & Pütün, A. E. (2007) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2006.11.041 · Cited by 159
Wai, W. W., Alkarkhi, A. F. M., & Easa, A. M. (2010) · Food and Bioproducts Processing · doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2010.01.010 · Cited by 149
Determination of calorific values of bio-chars and pyro-oils from pyrolysis of beech trunkbarks
Demirbaş, A. (2004) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2004.06.005 · Cited by 128
Hokputsa, S., Gerddit, W., Pongsamart, S., Inngjerdingen, K. T., Heinze, T. J., Koschella, A., Harding, S. E., & Paulsen, B. S. (2004) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.03.018 · Cited by 118
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A review on treatment processes of chicken manure
Manogaran, M. D., Shamsuddin, R., Yusoff, M. H. M., Lay, M. C., & Siyal, A. A. (2022) · Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy · doi:10.1016/j.clcb.2022.100013 · Cited by 115
Biochar as Cement Replacement to Enhance Concrete Composite Properties: A Review
Aman, A. M. N., Selvarajoo, A., Lau, T. L., & Chen, W. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15207662 · Cited by 65
Self-citationBiomaterials-based concrete composites: A review on biochar, cellulose and lignin
Patel, R., Babaei‐Ghazvini, A., Dunlop, M. J., & Acharya, B. (2024) · Carbon Capture Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100232 · Cited by 45
Mosaberpanah, M. A., Olabimtan, S. B., Balkıs, A. P., Rabiu, B. O., Oluwole, B. O., & Ajuonuma, C. S. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16041522 · Cited by 38
Chua, J. Y., Pen, K. M., Poi, J. V., Ooi, K. M., & Yee, K. F. (2023) · Energy Nexus · doi:10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100203 · Cited by 39
Selvarajoo, A., Lee, C. W., Oochit, D., & Almashjary, K. H. O. (2021) · Materials Science for Energy Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.mset.2021.06.008 · Cited by 24
Self-citationLiu, R., Wang, H., Xiao, H., Li, J., Pan, P., & Yang, W. (2023) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134557 · Cited by 9
Yoo, H., Lee, S., Cho, S., Seo, Y., & Jang, H. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15031248 · Cited by 4
Metals incorporated agricultural waste corn Cob-based biochar used as an adsorbent for CO2 capturing
Ahmed, S., Hossain, D., Dipti, S. S., Karim, M. A., & Azad, M. A. K. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-31699-3 · Cited by 4
“The sulfuric acid impregnation preceding carbonization facilitates dehydration and charring reactions, improving the formation of porous carbon structures under these high temperatures 47,48 .”
Santoso, T., PARIDDUAR, R., & Bintoro, A. (2023) · Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity · doi:10.13057/biodiv/d240849 · Cited by 3
Durio Zibethinus Murr. Peel and Zeolite In Reducing the Hardness of Water
Poerwati, S., Namiroh, S. N., & Mujiyono, M. (2022) · Jurnal Teknokes · doi:10.35882/jteknokes.v15i2.253 · Cited by 1
Aman, A. M. N., Selvarajoo, A., Lau, T. L., & Chen, W. (2024) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202458903007
Self-citationParañaque, J. E. L., Maguyon-Detras, M. C., Alfafara, C. G., & Migo, V. P. (2024) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1318/1/012014
Metadata
- Authors
- Selvarajoo, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Selvarajoo, A
- ORCID
- Selvarajoo, A
- Venue
- IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2021-03-01
- Volume
- 1092
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 012042
- ISSN
- 1757-8981 (ISSN-L)
- 1757-899X
- OpenAlex
- W3136689566
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 5.68
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Energy and Environment Impacts
- Keywords
- durian rind, durian, slow pyrolysis, biochar, carbonization temperature, biochar yield, calorific value, biofuels, biomass conversion, tubular reactor, holding time
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
