The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Slow pyrolysis of Durio zibethinus rind and the influence of carbonization temperature on biochar properties
Open accessAbstract
Due to rapid development in some countries that puts increasing urgency on the global community to replace non-renewable resources, Interest in harnessing energy from other sources like biomass has grown immensely in recent years. Biomass can be converted to energy through thermo-chemical and biological conversion routes. Pyrolysis is one the thermo-chemical methods to transform biomass into useable fuels. Pyrolysis conducted without the presence of oxygen at high temperatures results in the production of biochar, bio-oil and gases. The aim of this work was to perform pyrolysis experiments for durian rinds with the emphasis on the characterization of the rinds and their biochars. The pyrolysis of durian rinds was performed in a horizontal tubular reactor at temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 °C. The effects of temperature together with holding time on the yield of biochar and heating value were investigated. It was found that the pyrolysis operating temperature had a significant effect on the yield of biochar, heating value and elemental composition of the biochar. Increment of pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 700 °C, showed a decrease in the total biochar yield, while the heating value increased. The optimum temperature was found at 325 °C with a holding time of two hours. The biochar yield obtained at optimum temperature was 40.8 %wt with a heating value of 28.7 MJ/kg. In conclusion, the results from the pyrolysis showed the durian rinds has potential to be converted into solid biofuel that can be used for energy application.
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“High carbonization temperatures (700–900 °C) promote thermal decomposition of the organic biomass structures, resulting in biochar with increased carbon content, greater aromaticity, and improved stability.”
From Metals incorporated agricultural waste corn Cob-based biochar used as an adsorbent for CO2 capturing (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
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“The sulfuric acid impregnation preceding carbonization facilitates dehydration and charring reactions, improving the formation of porous carbon structures under these high temperatures47,48.”
From Metals incorporated agricultural waste corn Cob-based biochar used as an adsorbent for CO2 capturing (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
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“At 800 °C, biochar typically develops a higher surface area and porosity compared to lower temperatures, which is critical to adsorption applications.”
From Metals incorporated agricultural waste corn Cob-based biochar used as an adsorbent for CO2 capturing (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
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Citations
Cites
Effects of temperature and particle size on bio-char yield from pyrolysis of agricultural residues
Demirbas, A. (2004) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2004.07.003 · Cited by 1,154
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Fruit waste as feedstock for recovery by pyrolysis technique
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Sánchez, M. E., Lindao, E., Margaleff, D., Martı́nez, O., & Morán, A. (2008) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2008.11.001 · Cited by 178
Activated carbon from durian shell: Preparation and characterization
Chandra, T. C., Mirna, M. M., Sunarso, J., Sudaryanto, Y., & Ismadji, S. (2009) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2008.10.002 · Cited by 166
Slow pyrolysis of pistachio shell
Varol, E. A., Pütün, E., & Pütün, A. E. (2007) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2006.11.041 · Cited by 159
Wai, W. W., Alkarkhi, A. F. M., & Easa, A. M. (2010) · Food and Bioproducts Processing · doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2010.01.010 · Cited by 149
Determination of calorific values of bio-chars and pyro-oils from pyrolysis of beech trunkbarks
Demirbaş, A. (2004) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2004.06.005 · Cited by 128
Hokputsa, S., Gerddit, W., Pongsamart, S., Inngjerdingen, K. T., Heinze, T. J., Koschella, A., Harding, S. E., & Paulsen, B. S. (2004) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.03.018 · Cited by 118
Thermogravimetric analysis of olive-oil residue in air atmosphere
García‐Ibañez, P., Sánchez, M., & Cabanillas, A. (2005) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2005.08.005 · Cited by 68
Selvarajoo, A., Muhammad, D., & Arumugasamy, S. K. (2020) · Modeling Earth Systems and Environment · doi:10.1007/s40808-019-00663-2 · Cited by 54
Self-citationSelvanathan, M., Yann, K. T., Chung, C. H., Selvarajoo, A., Arumugasamy, S. K., & Sethu, V. (2017) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-017-3472-8 · Cited by 48
Self-citationOptimizing bioenergy and by-product outputs from durian shell pyrolysis
Liu, H., Liu, J., Huang, H., Evrendilek, F., Wen, S., & Li, W. (2020) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.044 · Cited by 45
Suman, S., & Gautam, S. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.73833 · Cited by 30
Palm frond biochar production and characterisation
Som, A. M., Wang, Z., & Al‐Tabbaa, A. (2012) · Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh · doi:10.1017/s1755691012000035 · Cited by 24
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Metadata
- Authors
- Selvarajoo, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Selvarajoo, A
- ORCID
- Selvarajoo, A
- Venue
- IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2021-03-01
- Volume
- 1092
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 012042
- ISSN
- 1757-8981 (ISSN-L)
- 1757-899X
- OpenAlex
- W3136689566
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 5.68
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Energy and Environment Impacts
- Keywords
- durian rind, durian, slow pyrolysis, biochar, carbonization temperature, biochar yield, calorific value, biofuels, biomass conversion, tubular reactor, holding time
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