The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
THE DOMINANT EPOCH OF STAR FORMATION IN THE MILKY WAY FORMED THE THICK DISK
Open accessAbstract
We report the first robust measurement of the Milky Way star formation history using the imprint left on chemical abundances of long-lived stars. The formation of the Galactic thick disk occurs during an intense star formation phase between 9.0 ( z ∼ 1.5) and 12.5 Gyr ( z ∼ 4.5) ago and is followed by a dip (at z ∼ 1.1) lasting about 1 Gyr. Our results imply that the thick disk is as massive as the Milky Way's thin disk, suggesting a fundamental role of this component in the genesis of our Galaxy, something that had been largely unrecognized. This new picture implies that huge quantities of gas necessary to feed the building of the thick disk must have been present at these epochs, in contradiction with the long-term infall assumed by chemical evolution models in the last two decades. These results allow us to fit the Milky Way within the emerging features of the evolution of disk galaxies in the early universe.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Accordingly, the Milky Way never experienced a major merger since reaching a mass of M ? 10 9 M , which it had already attained at z = 4 (Snaith et al. 2014; Kruijssen et al. 2019b).”
From Kraken reveals itself – the merger history of the Milky Way reconstructed with the E-MOSAICS simulations (2020) · cites this paper as Snaith et al. 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
On the variation of the initial mass function
Kroupa, P. (2001) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04022.x · Cited by 7,499
How do galaxies get their gas?
Kere, D., Katz, N. S., Weinberg, D. H., & Davé, R. (2005) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09451.x · Cited by 2,267
High-redshift galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field: colour selection and star formation history to z 4
Madau, P., Ferguson, H. C., Dickinson, M., Giavalisco, M., Steidel, C. C., & Fruchter, A. S. (1996) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/283.4.1388 · Cited by 2,054
On the Normalization of the Cosmic Star Formation History
Hopkins, A., & Beacom, J. F. (2006) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/506610 · Cited by 1,727
Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
Dekel, A., Birnboim, Y., Engel, G., Freundlich, J., Goerdt, T., Mumcuoglu, M., Neistein, E., Pichon, C., Teyssier, R., & Zinger, E. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07648 · Cited by 1,714
Iwamoto, K., Brachwitz, F., Nomoto, K., Kishimoto, N., Umeda, H., Hix, W. R., & Thielemann, F. ‐. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/313278 · Cited by 1,419
Muzzin, A., Marchesini, D., Stefanon, M., Franx, M., McCracken, H. J., Milvang‐Jensen, B., Dunlop, J. S., Fynbo, J. P. U., Brammer, G., Labbé, I., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/777/1/18 · Cited by 984
Updated stellar yields from asymptotic giant branch models
Karakas, A. I. (2010) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16198.x · Cited by 758
Chemical evolution with radial mixing
Schönrich, R. A., & Binney, J. J. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14750.x · Cited by 721
Genzel, R., Burkert, A., Bouché, N., Cresci, G., Schreiber, N. M. F., Shapley, A., Shapiro, K., Tacconi, L. J., Buschkamp, P., Cimatti, A., et al. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/591840 · Cited by 642
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Bernkopf, 2001, Astrophysical Ages and Times Scales, 207
- Di Matteo, 2013, A&A
- Nomoto, 2006, NuPhA, 777, 424
- Raiteri, 1996, A&A, 315, 105
- Tinsley, 1980, FCPh, 5, 287
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Galaxy in Context: Structural, Kinematic, and Integrated Properties
Bland-Hawthorn, J., & Gerhard, O. (2016) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-astro-081915-023441 · Cited by 1,656
The formation and assembly history of the Milky Way revealed by its globular cluster population
Kruijssen, J. M. D., Pfeffer, J. L., Reina-Campos, M., Crain, R. A., & Bastian, N. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1609 · Cited by 369
Kruijssen, J. M. D., Pfeffer, J. L., Chevance, M., Bonaca, A., Trujillo-Gomez, S., Bastian, N., Reina-Campos, M., Crain, R. A., & Hughes, M. E. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2452 · Cited by 252
“∼ 109 M , which it had already attained at z = 4 (Snaith et al. 2014; Kruijssen et al. 2019b).”
BackgroundMirror dark matter: Cosmology, galaxy structure and direct detection
Foot, R. (2014) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x14300130 · Cited by 272
Pfeffer, J., Kruijssen, J. M. D., Crain, R. A., & Bastian, N. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3124 · Cited by 243
Metadata
- Authors
- Snaith, O. N., Haywood, M., Di Matteo, P., Lehnert, M. D., Combes, F., Katz, D., & Gómez, A.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Snaith, Owain N.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2014-01-10
- Volume
- 781
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- L31
- ISSN
- 2041-8205 (ISSN-L)
- 2041-8213
- OpenAlex
- W2079368516
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 12
- FWCI
- 11.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-BLAN-0508, ANR-10)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies
- Keywords
- Milky Way thick disk, star formation history, chemical abundances, disk galaxy evolution, gas infall, disk mass, chemical evolution models
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
