Structural and Sociocultural Factors Associated with Cervical Cancer Screening Among HIV-Infected African American Women in Alabama
Open accessAbstract
African American women have disproportionately high prevalence rates of HIV and cervical cancer. HIV-infected women are significantly less likely to obtain recommended cervical cancer screenings than HIV-uninfected women. The purpose of this study was to examine sociocultural and structural factors associated with cervical cancer screening among HIV-infected African American in Alabama. The PEN-3 Model and the Health Belief Model were used as theoretical frameworks. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty HIV-infected African American women to identify perceptions, enablers, and nurturers, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived benefits related to cervical cancer and screening. The most common positive perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that contributed to cervical cancer screening included internal motivation and awareness of the importance of HIV-infected women getting Pap tests due to their weakened immune system. Negative perceptions, enablers, and nurturers included lack of knowledge about cervical cancer and screening, and lack of perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer. The results of this study can be used to guide the development of culturally relevant cervical cancer and screening education interventions aimed at increasing cervical cancer screening adherence among HIV-infected African American women.
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The nurturers finding is consistent with some studies and inconsistent with another.
“This finding is consistent with a body of research by Williams et al. [23], Jeihooni et al. and Abedi et al. [24, 27], yet inconsistent with the results of the study by Mirtz et al. [28].”
From Effectiveness of educational intervention on women’s participation to cervical cancer screening: a quasi-experimental study based on PEN-3 model (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
The enablers finding was consistent with some studies and inconsistent with another.
“This finding was consistent with the results of studies conducted by Williams et al. [23], Jeihooni et al. [24], Dizagi et al. [26] and inconsistent with the results of the study conducted by Abedi et al. [27].”
From Effectiveness of educational intervention on women’s participation to cervical cancer screening: a quasi-experimental study based on PEN-3 model (2022) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Williams, M., Moneyham, L., Kempf, M.-C., Chamot, E., & Scarinci, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Corresponding author
- Williams, Michelle
- Venue
- AIDS Patient Care and STDs
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-19
- ISSN
- 1087-2914 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7449
- PMC
- PMC4281874
- OpenAlex
- W2319109509
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- AIDS Patient Care and STDs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (P30-AI-027767, P30CA013148)
- University of Alabama (P30 CA013148, P30 AI027767)
- National Institutes of Health (P30-AI- 027767, CCSG P30, P30-CA- 013148, CA013148, AI027767)
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington (P30 AI027767, AI027767)
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham (AI027767, P30 AI027767)
- National Institute on Aging
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Institute of Mental Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- National Cancer Institute (CA013148, P30CA013148)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P30AI027767, AI027767)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Keywords
- cervical cancer screening, women living with HIV, African American women, PEN-3 model, Health Belief Model, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, sociocultural factors, structural factors, Pap smear, culturally appropriate health education, Alabama
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alabama, Black or African American, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Vaginal Smears, HIV Infections, Qualitative Research, Health Status Disparities, Healthcare Disparities, Early Detection of Cancer, Papanicolaou Test
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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