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Aqueous Corrosion of Phosphide Minerals from Iron Meteorites: A Highly Reactive Source of Prebiotic Phosphorus on the Surface of the Early Earth
Abstract
We present the results of an experimental study of aqueous corrosion of Fe-phosphide under conditions relevant to the early Earth. The results strongly suggest that iron meteorites were an important source of reactive phosphorus (P), a requirement for the formation of P-based life. We further demonstrate that iron meteorites were an abundant source of phosphide minerals early in Earth history. Phosphide corrosion was studied in five different solutions: deionized water, deionized water buffered with sodium bicarbonate, deionized water with dissolved magnesium and calcium chlorides, deionized water containing ethanol and acetic acid, and deionized water containing the chlorides, ethanol, and acetic acid. Experiments were performed in the presence of both air and pure Ar gas to evaluate the effect of atmospheric chemistry. Phosphide corrosion in deionized water results in a metastable mixture of mixed-valence, P-bearing ions including pyrophosphate and triphosphate, key components for metabolism in modern life. In a pH-buffered solution of NaHCO(3), the condensed and reduced species diphosphonate is an abundant corrosion product. Corrosion in ethanol- and acetic acid-containing solutions yields additional P-bearing organic molecules, including acetyl phosphonate and a cyclic triphosphorus molecule. Phosphonate is a major corrosion product of all experiments and is the only P-bearing molecule that persists in solutions with high concentrations of magnesium and calcium chlorides, which suggests that phosphonate may have been a primitive oceanic source of P. The stability and reactivity of phosphonate and hypophosphite in solution were investigated to elucidate reaction mechanisms and the role of mineral catalysts on P-solution chemistry. Phosphonate oxidation is rapid in the presence of Fe metal but negligible in the presence of magnetite and in the control sample. The rate of hypophosphite oxidation is independent of reaction substrate.
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“In particular, meteorites may have been an important source of reactive phosphorus—such as the P-bearing ions pyrophosphate and triphosphate, key components for metabolism in modern life—a likely requirement for the emergence of life (Pasek and Lauretta, 2005).”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Pasek and Lauretta, 2005
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pasek, M. A., & Lauretta, D. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Venue
- Astrobiology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 515-535
- ISSN
- 1531-1074 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8070
- OpenAlex
- W2092970453
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Astrobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Keywords
- aqueous corrosion, iron meteorites, phosphonates, hypophosphite, pyrophosphate, triphosphate, diphosphonates, early Earth, origin of life, atmospheric chemistry, mineral catalysis
- MeSH terms
- Origin of Life, Corrosion, Iron, Minerals, Models, Chemical, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Organophosphorus Compounds, Phosphates, Phosphorus, Sodium Chloride, Solutions, Water, Sodium Bicarbonate, Earth, Planet, Exobiology, Meteoroids
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