Real-World Patient-Reported Outcomes and Glycemic Results with Initiation of Control-IQ Technology
Open accessAbstract
Background: The t:slim X2™ insulin pump with Control-IQ™ technology, an advanced hybrid closed-loop system, became available in the United States in early 2020. Real-world outcomes with use of this system have not yet been comprehensively reported. Methods: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (≥14 years of age) who had ≥21 days of pump usage data were invited via email to participate. Participants completed psychosocial questionnaires (Technology Acceptance Scale [TAS], well-being index [WHO-5], and Diabetes Impact and Devices Satisfaction [DIDS] scale) at timepoint 1 (T1) (at least 3 weeks after starting Control-IQ technology) and the DIDS and WHO-5 at timepoint 2 (T2) (4 weeks from T1). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and glycemic outcomes were reviewed at each timepoint. Results: Overall, 9,085 potentially eligible individuals received the study invite. Of these, 3,116 consented and subsequently 1,435 participants completed questionnaires at both T1 and T2 and had corresponding glycemic data available on the t:connect ® web application. Time in range was 78.2% (70.2%–85.1%) at T1 and 79.2% (70.3%–86.2%) at T2. PROs reflected high device-related satisfaction and reduced diabetes impact at T2. Factors contributing to high trust in the system included sensor accuracy, improved diabetes control, reduction in extreme blood glucose levels, and improved sleep quality. In addition, participants reported improved quality of life, ease of use, and efficient connectivity to the continuous glucose monitoring system as being valuable features of the system. Conclusions: Continued real-world use of the t:slim X2 pump with Control-IQ technology showed improvements in psychosocial outcomes and persistent achievement of recommended TIR glycemic outcomes in people with T1D.
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Automated insulin delivery systems have greater benefits than insulin pumps and CGM alone.
“Automated insulin delivery systems (AID), which integrate insulin pumps and CGM, have even greater benefits.”
From Social disadvantage and technology use among adults with type 1 diabetes in Quebec: A cross‐sectional study using data from the Canadian <scp>T1D</scp> ( <scp>BETTER</scp> ) Registry (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
The Introduction (page not available) reports that one AID system, Control-IQ, improved time in range compared with a sensor-augmented pump in people with type 1 diabetes. That supports a benefit beyond pump-and-CGM use alone, but the comparison does not establish the claim for AID systems generally or for benefits beyond the reported glycemic outcome. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Development and Future of Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) Systems
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A Virtual Training Program for the Tandem t:slim X2 Insulin Pump: Implementation and Outcomes
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Artificial Intelligence in Efficient Diabetes Care
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Sustainable Use of a Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring System from 2018 to 2020
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Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes
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Patient‐reported outcomes in studies of diabetes technology: What matters
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Adjunctive Therapies to Optimize Closed-loop Glucose Control
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Artificial Pancreas Technology Offers Hope for Childhood Diabetes
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Insulin Titration Guidelines for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: It Is About Time!
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Structural basis for regulation in gram-negative bacterial citrate synthases.
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Exploring Technology’s Influence on Health Behaviours and Well-being in Type 1 Diabetes: a Review
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Fully automated insulin delivery systems in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
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Glycometabolic outcomes in adult type 1 diabetic patients switching to closed-loop systems
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Efficacy of Control-IQ Technology in a General Endocrine Clinic
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Automated Insulin Delivery Systems: Today, Tomorrow and User Requirements
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MPC-guided Imitation Learning of Bayesian Neural Network Policies for the Artificial Pancreas
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Self-citationClinical Evaluation of a Novel Insulin Immunosensor
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- Authors
- Pinsker, J. E., Müller, L., Constantin, A., Leas, S., Manning, M., McElwee Malloy, M., Singh, H., & Habif, S.
- Affiliations
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Tandem Diabetes Care (United States) (US)
- Tandem Diabetes Care, Behavioral Sciences, San Diego, California, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Pinsker, Jordan E.
- Venue
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-01-28
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 120-127
- ISSN
- 1520-9156 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8593
- PMC
- PMC7868573
- OpenAlex
- W3080495660
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 28
- FWCI
- 16.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, Control-IQ, hybrid closed-loop system, insulin pump therapy, time in range, glycemic outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, device satisfaction, technology acceptance, sleep quality, continuous glucose monitoring, psychosocial well-being
- MeSH terms
- Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Technology, United States, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Young Adult
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