The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Heterologous and Homologous Protection Against Influenza A by DNA Vaccination: Optimization of DNA Vectors
Abstract
We have recently shown that direct injection of DNA can be an effective vaccine strategy eliciting both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Vectors were designed specifically for vaccination by direct DNA injection and refined to improve plasmid production in Escherichia coli. The vectors consist of a pUC-19 backbone with the cytomegalovirus (CMV) IE1 enhancer, promoter, and intron A transcription regulatory elements and the BGH polyadenylation sequences driving the expression of the reporter gene CAT or influenza A nucleoprotein (NP) or hemagglutinin (HA). The respective vectors expressed high levels of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and NP in tissue culture, and yielded 14-15 mg of purified plasmid per liter of Escherichia coli culture. Immunization of mice with the NP and HA expression vectors resulted in protection from subsequent lethal challenges of influenza using either heterologous or homologous strains, respectively.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo
Wolff, J. A., Malone, R. W., Williams, P., Chong, W., Acsadi, G., Jani, A., & Felgner, P. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1690918 · Cited by 4,173
Cited by
DNA vaccines: ready for prime time?
Kutzler, M. A., & Weiner, D. B. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2432 · Cited by 1,077
Donnelly, J. J., Ulmer, J. B., Shiver, J. W., & Liu, M. A. (1997) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.617 · Cited by 987
Self-citationImmunogenicity and protective efficacy of a tuberculosis DNA vaccine
Huygen, K., Content, J., Denis, O., Montgomery, D. L., Yawman, A. M., Randall Deck, R., DeWitt, C. M., Orme, I. M., Baldwin, S., D'Souza, C., et al. (1996) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0896-893 · Cited by 629
Self-citationPardoll, D. M. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0598supp-525 · Cited by 428
Gene vaccination: plasmid DNA is more than just a blueprint
Tighe, H., Corr, M., Roman, M., & Raz, E. (1998) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/s0167-5699(97)01201-2 · Cited by 352
Metadata
- Authors
- MONTGOMERY, D. L., SHIVER, J. W., LEANDER, K. R., PERRY, H. C., FRIEDMAN, A., MARTINEZ, D., ULMER, J. B., DONNELLY, J. J., & LIU, M. A.
- Venue
- DNA and Cell Biology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1993-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 777-783
- ISSN
- 1044-5498 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7430
- OpenAlex
- W2017630852
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 13.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Heterologous and Homologous Protection Against Influenza A by DNA Vaccination: Optimization of DNA Vectors. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1089/dna.1993.12.777
- The paper
- MONTGOMERY, D. L., SHIVER, J. W., LEANDER, K. R., PERRY, H. C., FRIEDMAN, A., MARTINEZ, D., ULMER, J. B., DONNELLY, J. J., & LIU, M. A. (1993). Heterologous and Homologous Protection Against Influenza A by DNA Vaccination: Optimization of DNA Vectors. DNA and Cell Biology. https://doi.org/10.1089/dna.1993.12.777
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
