The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
DNA VACCINES
Abstract
▪ Abstract Observations in the early 1990s that plasmid DNA could directly transfect animal cells in vivo sparked exploration of the use of DNA plasmids to induce immune responses by direct injection into animals of DNA encoding antigenic proteins. This method, termed DNA immunization, now has been used to elicit protective antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in a wide variety of preclinical animal models for viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. DNA vaccination is particularly useful for the induction of cytotoxic T cells. This review summarizes current knowledge on the vectors, immune responses, immunological mechanisms, safety considerations, and potential for further application of this novel method of immunization.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo
Wolff, J. A., Malone, R. W., Williams, P., Chong, W., Acsadi, G., Jani, A., & Felgner, P. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1690918 · Cited by 4,173
CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation
Krieg, A. M., Yi, A.-K., Matson, S., Waldschmidt, T. J., Bishop, G. A., Teasdale, R., Koretzky, G. A., & Klinman, D. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374546a0 · Cited by 3,508
Cited by
DNA vaccines: ready for prime time?
Kutzler, M. A., & Weiner, D. B. (2008) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2432 · Cited by 1,077
Mundargi, R. C., Babu, V. R., Rangaswamy, V., Patel, P., & Aminabhavi, T. M. (2008) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.09.013 · Cited by 1,025
Microspheres for controlled release drug delivery
Varde, N. K., & Pack, D. W. (2004) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.4.1.35 · Cited by 448
DNA Vaccines: Progress and Challenges
Donnelly, J. J., Wahren, B., & Liu, M. A. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.633 · Cited by 448
Self-citationDistribution of DNA Vaccines Determines Their Immunogenicity After Intramuscular Injection in Mice
Dupuis, M., Denis-Mize, K., Woo, C., Goldbeck, C., Selby, M. J., Chen, M., Otten, G. R., Ulmer, J. B., Donnelly, J. J., Ott, G., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.165.5.2850 · Cited by 327
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Donnelly, J. J., Ulmer, J. B., Shiver, J. W., & Liu, M. A.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 617-648
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W4241169271
- Cited by
- 987
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 6.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: DNA VACCINES. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.617
- The paper
- Donnelly, J. J., Ulmer, J. B., Shiver, J. W., & Liu, M. A. (1997). DNA VACCINES. Annual Review of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.617
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
