Hypoxia and Environmental Epigenetics
Abstract
Carolyn J. Brown and James L. Rupert. Hypoxia and Environmental Epigenetics. High Alt Med Biol 15:323–330, 2014.—Epigenetics refers to long-term modifications of gene activity that can be inherited, either somatically or transgenerationally, but that are independent of alterations in the primary base sequence of the organism's DNA. These changes can include chemical modifications of both the DNA bases and the proteins that associate with the DNA helices to form chromatin, the nucleic acid:protein complex of which the chromosomes are comprised. Epigenetic modifications can affect the accessibility of the DNA for transcription factors (the DNA-binding proteins that specify which genes are to be active or silent by modulating the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery that reads the information encoded in the sequence) and thereby regulate the expression of genes and alter the phenotype of the organism. Epigenetic marks can also be re-established following mitosis, allowing patterns of differential gene expression to be transmitted from one cell generation to the next, and can even be maintained through meiosis, allowing transgenerational transfer of regulatory cues. Unlike the information encoded in the DNA sequence, which is invariant between most cell types and over time, epigenetic information is tissue specific and can change in response to exogenous and endogenous perturbations. This responsive capacity enables a sensitive and reactive system that can optimize gene expression in relevant tissue in response to environmental change. The realization that organisms are capable of genetically ‘reprograming’ themselves as well as ‘preprograming’ future cells, and even future offspring to optimize gene expression for a given environment may have tremendous ramifications on our understanding of both acclimatization and adaptation to hypoxia.
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Methylation changes in response to intermittent hypoxia in experimental animals have been reported.
“Methylation changes in response to intermittent hypoxia in experimental animals have been reported (66), and the realization that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, an oxidation product of 5-methylcytosine, plays an important role in regulating transcription raises further possibilities for gene-environment interactions.”
From Placental Origins of Chronic Disease (2016) · cites this paper as [66]
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- Authors
- Brown, C. J., & Rupert, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Carolyn J.
- ORCID
- Brown, Carolyn J.
- Venue
- High Altitude Medicine & Biology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-09-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 323-330
- ISSN
- 1527-0297 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8682
- OpenAlex
- W2319870038
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- High Altitude Medicine & Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- hypoxia, environmental epigenetics, epigenetic inheritance, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, chromatin modification, DNA methylation, histone modifications, gene expression regulation, acclimatization, high altitude
- MeSH terms
- Acclimatization, Altitude, Altitude Sickness, Hypoxia, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Markers, Histones, Humans, Twin Studies as Topic, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic
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