The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Nurses' Health Study: 20-Year Contribution to the Understanding of Health Among Women
Abstract
The Nurses' Health Study was designed as a prospective follow-up study to examine relations between contraception and breast cancer. With follow-up questionnaires mailed every 2 years, investigators have added extensive details of lifestyle practices. The study, currently in its 20th year, has maintained high follow-up with > 90% of participants responding to each of the follow-up cycles since 1988. The relations between use of hormones, diet, exercise, and other lifestyle practices have been related to the development of a wide range of chronic illnesses among women. This review describes the methods used to follow up the study participants and summarizes the major findings that have been described over the first 20 years of the study. We highlight additional areas added to the study in recent years to address emerging issues in women's health. Special emphasis is placed on the recent findings from the study, including relations between weight gain and heart disease, diabetes, and mortality, the lack of relation between calcium and osteoporotic fractures, and the positive relation between postmenopausal use of hormones and risk of breast cancer.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
BERKMAN, L. F., & SYME, S. L. (1979) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112674 · Cited by 5,341
Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire
WILLETT, W. C., SAMPSON, L., STAMPFER, M. J., ROSNER, B., BAIN, C., WITSCHI, J., HENNEKENS, C. H., & SPEIZER, F. E. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086 · Cited by 4,274
Weight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women
Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Rotnitzky, A., & Manson, J. E. (1995) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00001 · Cited by 2,064
Self-citationThe use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Colditz, G. A., Hankinson, S. E., Hunter, D. J., Willett, W. C., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Hennekens, C., Rosner, B., & Speizer, F. E. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199506153322401 · Cited by 1,487
COLDITZ, G. A., MARTIN, P., STAMPFER, M. J., WILLETT, W. C., SAMPSON, L., ROSNER, B., HENNEKENS, C. H., & SPEIZER, F. E. (1986) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114319 · Cited by 992
Self-citationSmoking Cessation and Time Course of Decreased Risks of Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-Aged Women
Kawachi, I. (1994) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1994.00420020075009 · Cited by 264
Risk factors for constant, severe trachoma among preschool children in Kongwa, Tanzania
West, S. K., Munoz, B., Lynch, M., Kayongoya, A., Mmbaga, B. B. O., & Taylor, H. R. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008659 · Cited by 114
COLDITZ, G. A., WILLETT, W. C., STAMPFER, M. J., SAMPSON, L., ROSNER, B., HENNEKENS, C. H., & SPEIZER, F. E. (1987) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/16.3.392 · Cited by 90
Self-citation
Cited by
Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women.
Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G., Liu, S., Solomon, C. G., & Willett, W. C. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010492 · Cited by 2,901
Self-citation50-Year Trends in Smoking-Related Mortality in the United States
Thun, M. J., Carter, B. D., Feskanich, D., Freedman, N. D., Prentice, R., Lopez, A. D., Hartge, P., & Gapstur, S. M. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa1211127 · Cited by 1,177
Physical Activity, Including Walking, and Cognitive Function in Older Women
Weuve, J. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.12.1454 · Cited by 1,175
A prospective study of self-reported sleep duration and incident diabetes in women
Ayas, N. T., White, D. P., Al-Delaimy, W. K., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Speizer, F. E., Patel, S., & Hu, F. B. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2.380 · Cited by 883
Self-citationPhysical activity and survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis
Meyerhardt, J. A., Giovannucci, E. L., Holmes, M. D., Chan, A. T., Chan, J. A., Colditz, G. A., & Fuchs, C. S. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.06.0855 · Cited by 857
Metadata
- Authors
- COLDITZ, G. A., MANSON, J. E., & HANKINSON, S. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Women's Health
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1997-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-62
- ISSN
- 1059-7115 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2006174703
- Cited by
- 743
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
