A prospective study of self-reported sleep duration and incident diabetes in women
Open accessAbstract
Short-term sleep restriction results in impaired glucose tolerance. To test whether habitually short sleep duration increases the risk of developing diabetes, we studied a cohort of 70,026 women enrolled in the Nurses Health Study, without diabetes at baseline, and who responded to a question about daily sleep duration in 1986. Subjects were followed until 1996 for the diagnosis of diabetes (1,969 cases). Long and short sleep durations were associated with an increased risk of diabetes diagnosis. The relative risks (RRs) for short (slept ≤5 h per day) and long (slept ≥9 h per day) sleepers were 1.57 (95% CI 1.28–1.92) and 1.47 (1.19–1.80), respectively. After adjustment for BMI and a variety of confounders, the RR was not significantly increased for short sleepers (1.18 [0.96–1.44]) but remained modestly increased for long sleepers (1.29 [1.05–1.59]). We then performed a similar analysis using only symptomatic cases (n = 1,187). Adjusted RRs for symptomatic diabetes were modestly elevated in both short (1.34 [1.04–1.72]) and long (1.35 [1.04–1.75]) sleepers. Our data suggest that the association between a reduced self-reported sleep duration and diabetes diagnosis could be due to confounding by BMI, or sleep restriction may mediate its effects on diabetes through weight gain. Sleep restriction may be an independent risk factor for developing symptomatic diabetes.
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Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of diabetes.
“Short sleep duration is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and an increased risk of diabetes.”
From Sleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men (2010) · cites this paper as [7]
Insufficient sleep duration (quantity) has been associated with an increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and early mortality.
“Insufficient sleep duration (quantity) has been associated with an increased risk of obesity (3–6,51), type 2 diabetes (7–11), hypertension (12), cardiovascular disease (13,14), metabolic syndrome (a combination of cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction) (15), and early mortality (14,16,17,19–21,52).”
From Sleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men (2010) · cites this paper as [7]
The effect of short sleep duration on impaired insulin and glucose metabolism may be mediated by increased central adiposity.
“Furthermore, it appears that the effect of short sleep duration on impaired insulin and glucose metabolism may be mediated by increased central adiposity.”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
In the Nurses' Health Study, self-reported sleep durations ≤5 h per day were associated with a 1.57-fold increase in risk of diabetes diagnosis among women, an effect mediated by body mass index.
“Finally, in the large (n = 70,026), prospective Nurse's Health Study, self-reported sleep durations ≤5 h per day were associated with a 1.57-fold increase in risk of diabetes diagnosis among women, an effect that was mediated by body mass index (BMI).17”
From The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
Many studies reported increased odds of diabetes associated with short sleep duration (≤5h and/or ≤6h).
“Many studies reported increased odds of diabetes associated with short sleep duration (≤5h and/or ≤6h) and some observed a U-shaped association [183–187].”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [183]
Some studies observed a U-shaped association between short sleep duration and diabetes.
“Many studies reported increased odds of diabetes associated with short sleep duration (≤5h and/or ≤6h) and some observed a U-shaped association [183–187].”
From Association between sleep deficiency and cardiometabolic disease: implications for health disparities (2016) · cites this paper as [183]
Accumulating evidence from prospective studies suggests an increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with sleep deprivation and sleep disorders.
“Accumulating evidence from prospective studies suggests an increased risk of type 2 diabetes associated with sleep deprivation and sleep disorders [25],[26].”
From Rotating Night Shift Work and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Two Prospective Cohort Studies in Women (2011) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Ayas, N. T., White, D. P., Al-Delaimy, W. K., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Speizer, F. E., Patel, S., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2003-02-01
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 380-384
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2130507759
- Cited by
- 883
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 27.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nrs.harvard.edu
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL24074, R01-HL-48531, P50 HL692, HL34594, R01HL048531, R01HL034594)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-97969)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep duration, diabetes mellitus, short sleep duration, long sleep, women, Nurses' Health Study, body mass index, confounding, weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk, Sleep, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Single-Blind Method
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