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Adaptation of the Fluid Percussion Injury Model to the Mouse
Abstract
Fluid percussion injury (FPI) is a well-characterized experimental model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat. Many pathophysiologic consequences and mechanisms of recovery after TBI rely on neurochemical pathways that can be examined in genetically altered mice. Therefore, FPI applied to mice may be a useful experimental tool to investigate TBI at the molecular level. In the present study, we establish FPI as a viable model of TBI in the mouse by characterizing acute neurological, histopathological, and behavioral changes. Right-sided parasagittal FPI or sham treatment was administered in male C57BL/6 mice. Acute neurological evaluation revealed righting reflexes in the injured animals (p < 0.001). Deficits in spatial learning and memory were observed in the Morris water maze (MWM) 5 and 6 days after injury. A novel MWM data analysis protocol is described. The injured group (n = 18) demonstrated impaired performance in the MWM during acquisition (p < 0.05) and probe trials (p < 0.025) compared to sham animals (n = 16). At 7 days postinjury, glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry revealed intense cortical, callosal, and hippocampal gliosis. The modified Gallyas silver degeneration stain consistently labeled cell bodies and terminals throughout the ipsilateral cortex, axons in the gray matter-white matter interface above the corpus callosum and within the corpus callosum bilaterally, and terminals and fibers in the thalamus bilaterally. Additionally, the mo…
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“Many biological pathways are disrupted by experimental TBI resulting in progressive neurodegeneration including atrophy, neuronal loss, and axonal degeneration which are often associated with neuroinflammation including macrophage reactivity (82–85).”
From The Inflammatory Continuum of Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [82]
Citations
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Sorted by citations
Applications of the Morris water maze in the study of learning and memory
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Lateral Fluid Percussion Brain Injury: A 15-Year Review and Evaluation
Thompson, H. J., Lifshitz, J., Marklund, N., Grady, M. S., Graham, D. I., Hovda, D. A., & McIntosh, T. K. (2005) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2005.22.42 · Cited by 541
“As such, the return of the righting reflex, and other reflexes, has served routinely as an indicator of severity of LFP injury (Morehead et al., 1994; Schmidt et al., 1995; Carbonell et al., 1998; Hallam et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2005), which appears to correlate with neuro-motor deficits.”
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Experimental models of traumatic brain injury: do we really need to build a better mousetrap?
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Metadata
- Authors
- CARBONELL, W. S., MARIS, D. O., McCALL, T., & GRADY, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- ORCID
- CARBONELL, W. SHAWN
- Venue
- Journal of Neurotrauma
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1998-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 217-229
- ISSN
- 0897-7151 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9042
- OpenAlex
- W1978835755
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurotrauma (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Washington
- National Institutes of Health (5p50ns030305-05, 5r01ns033107-03)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-30305, NS33107)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Keywords
- fluid percussion injury, traumatic brain injury, mouse model, spatial learning and memory, Morris water maze, gliosis, glial fibrillary acidic protein, corpus callosum, thalamus, righting reflex, behavioral deficits
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Injuries, Postural Balance, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Gliosis, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neuroglia, Neurons, Silver Staining, Maze Learning, Mice, Rats
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